10.57647/jtap.2026.2005.06

Investigation of Renal Failure Impact on Blood Mineral Equilibrium Employing Laser Spectroscopy

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  • Noor Hameed Nasif1,
  • Bahaa Jawad Alwan2,
  • Nedaa Monther Salman3,
  • Sarah Mahmoud Abdallh1,
  1. Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
  2. Department of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
  3. Open Educational college, Baghdad, Iraq

Received: 2026-01-30

Revised: 2026-03-30

Accepted: 2026-05-08

Published in Issue 2026-06-10

Copyright (c) 2026 Noor Hameed Nasif, Bahaa Jawad Alwan, Nedaa Monther Salman, Sarah Mahmoud Abdallh (Author)

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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1.
Nasif NH, Alwan BJ, Salman NM, Abdallh SM. Investigation of Renal Failure Impact on Blood Mineral Equilibrium Employing Laser Spectroscopy. J Theor Appl phys. 2026 Jun. 10;. Available from: https://oiccpress.com/jtap/article/view/19126
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Abstract

Patients suffering from renal failure often exhibit severe disturbances of mineral and electrolyte homeostasis, placing a heavy demand on rapid & accurate diagnostic techniques for routine clinical monitoring. In this pilot study, we report the successful application of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to examine hemodialysis effects on blood mineral balance in serum samples from healthy subjects and renal failure patients prior to and post-dialyzer. We proposed a new relative intensity-based spectral method, termed the Intensity Ratio Index (IRI), to analyze differences of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) without complex calibration processes. The main contribution of this work is to demonstrate the viability of LIBS in a fast, less invasive, and cost-effective manner for assessing dialysis efficacy as well as mineral imbalance online. The resulted values were highly different for potassium and phosphorus in pre-dialysis, with effect ratios of around 73.8% & 74.2%, respectively; these parameters suggest serious electrolyte disturbance associated with renal dysfunction. In contrast, post-dialysis analysis presented partial restoration of mineral homeostasis exclusively for calcium with an improvement ratio around 36%. Additionally, the study validated that LIBS can detect rapid and sensitive relative spectral changes in both major and trace elements. These results suggest great potential for the use of LIBS as an effective clinical diagnostic method for monitoring renal failure and determining hemodialysis effectiveness.

Keywords

  • Renal failure,
  • Minerals,
  • LIBS technique,
  • Potassium,
  • Calcium,
  • Phosphorus,
  • Magnesium,
  • Zinc
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