10.57647/jtap.2026.2005.01

Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering from Double Metallic Rods Covered by Anisotropic Inhomogeneous Plasma via FE-BI Method

XML PDF
  • Anis Soltani1,
  • Zeinab Rahmani*1,
  • Ebrahim Heidari Semiromi2,
  1. Department of Laser and Photonics, Faculty of Physics, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
  2. Department of Condensed Matter, Faculty of Physics, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

Received: 2025-10-22

Revised: 2025-12-01

Accepted: 2025-04-23

Published in Issue 2026-10-31

Copyright (c) 2026 Anis Soltani, Zeinab Rahmani, Ebrahim Heidari Semiromi (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

1.
Soltani A, Rahmani Z, Heidari Semiromi E. Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering from Double Metallic Rods Covered by Anisotropic Inhomogeneous Plasma via FE-BI Method. J Theor Appl phys. 2026 Oct. 31;20(5). Available from: https://oiccpress.com/jtap/article/view/19507
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

PDF views: 3

Abstract

We investigate the scattering of linearly polarized plane electromagnetic waves from a system of two metallic cylinders covered by non‑uniform plasma layers, using the Finite Element–Boundary Integral (FE‑BI) method. The structure can be regarded as a plasma antenna. To better reflect practical conditions, we consider inhomogeneous plasma covers, since laboratory and atmospheric plasmas are typically non‑uniform. Introducing anisotropy and inhomogeneity in the plasma coating enhances the tunability and flexibility of the radar cross‑section (RCS). We analyze the total axial magnetic field, the RCS, and the backscattering RCS (BRCS) under variations of incidence angle, wavelength, polarization, external DC magnetic field, and plasma inhomogeneity. For comparison, the system is also examined without plasma coating and without magnetic field, to highlight the role of anisotropic inhomogeneous plasma layers. The validity of the FE‑BI method is confirmed by benchmarking our results against the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) technique.

Keywords

  • Electromagnetic waves,
  • Inhomogeneous plasma,
  • Anisotropic plasma,
  • Radar cross-section,
  • FE-BI method,
  • External magnetic field
PDF

References

  1. Caorsi S., Pastorino M., Raffetto M. Analytic SAR computation in a multilayer elliptic cylinder for bioelectromagnetic applications. Bioelectromagnetics: Journal of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, the Society for Physical Regulation in Biology and Medicine, the European Bioelectromagnetics Association. 1999;20(6):365–371. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(199909)20:6<365::AID-BEM5>3.0.CO;2-G
  2. Kourosdari N., Shaterian Z., Karami Horestani A. Transparent antenna technology and its application in space. Technology in Aerospace Engineering. 2020;4(2): 35–44. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.26764253.1399.4.2.4.4
  3. Monti A., Soric J., Barbuto M., Ramaccia D., Vellucci S., Trotta F., Alù A., Toscano A., Bilotti F. Mantle cloaking for co-site radio-frequency antennas. Applied Physics Letters. 2016;108(11). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4944042
  4. Alù A., Engheta N. Cloaking a sensor. Physical Review Letters. 2009;102(23):233901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metmat.2010.03.005
  5. Wu X. B., Yasumoto K. Three-dimensional scattering by an infinite homogeneous anisotropic circular cylinder: an analytical solution. Journal of Applied Physics. 1997;82(5):1996–2003. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.366009
  6. Rappaport C. M., McCartin B. J. FDFD analysis of electromagnetic scattering in anisotropic media using unconstrained triangular meshes. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 1991;39(3):345–349. https://doi.org/10.1109/8.76332
  7. Chen H., Cheng D. Scattering of electromagnetic waves by an anisotropic plasma-coated conducting cylinder. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 1964;12(3):348–353. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1964.1138206
  8. Adey A. W. Scattering of electromagnetic waves by coaxial cylinders. Canadian Journal of Physics. 1956;34(5):510–520. https://doi.org/10.1139/p56-057
  9. Ghaffar A., Yaqoob M., Alkanhal M. A., Ahmed S., Naqvi Q., Kalyar M. Scattering of electromagnetic wave from perfect electromagnetic conductor cylinders placed in un-magnetized isotropic plasma medium. Optik. 2014;125(17):4779–4783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.04.061
  10. Shi W., Yuan B., Mao J., Wang C. Enhancement of electromagnetic energy by plasma antenna. Nano Energy. 2020;76:105053.
  11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105053
  12. Borg G. G., Harris J. H., Miljak D. G., Martin N. M. Application of plasma columns to radiofrequency antennas. Applied Physics Letters. 1999;74(22):3272–3274. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.123317
  13. Jaafar H., Ali M. T. B., Dagang A. N. B., Zali H. M., Halili N. A. A reconfigurable monopole antenna with fluorescent tubes using plasma windowing concepts for 4.9-GHz application. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 2015;43(3):815–820. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2015.2398878
  14. Golharani S., Heidari-Semiromi E., Jazi B., Rahmani Z. Plasma-covered long cylindrical non-isotropic dielectric lenses for targeted control of energy distribution. The European Physical Journal Plus. 2020;135(9):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00791-0
  15. Kumar R., Bora D. Wireless communication capability of a reconfigurable plasma antenna. Journal of Applied Physics. 2011;109(6). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3564937
  16. Zhao J., Wang S., Wu H., Liu Y., Chang Y., Chen X. Flexible plasma linear antenna. Applied Physics Letters. 2017;110(9). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4977952
  17. Yeh C., Kaprielian Z. Scattering from a cylinder coated with an inhomogeneous dielectric sheath. Canadian Journal of Physics. 1963;41(1):143–151. https://doi.org/10.1139/p63-013
  18. Stratigaki L., Ioannidou M., Chrissoulidis D. Scattering from a dielectric cylinder with multiple eccentric cylindrical dielectric inclusions. IEE Proceedings Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation. 1996;143(6):505–511. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-map:19960854
  19. Foroutan V. Numerical study of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic field effects on the plasma-based radar cross-section reduction. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation. 2020;14(3):468–476. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2019.0318
  20. Rao Z., Zhu G., He S., Li C., Yang Z., Liu J. Simulation and analysis of electromagnetic scattering from anisotropic plasma-coated electrically large and complex targets. Remote Sensing. 2022;14(3):764. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030764
  21. Geng Y., Wu X., Li L.-W. Analysis of electromagnetic scattering by a plasma anisotropic sphere. Radio Science. 2003;38(6):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003RS002913
  22. Ghaffar A., Yaqoob M., Alkanhal M. A., Sharif M., Naqvi Q. Electromagnetic scattering from anisotropic plasma-coated perfect electromagnetic conductor cylinders. AEU—International Journal of Electronics and Communications. 2014;68(8):767–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2014.03.001
  23. Naito T., Tanaka T., Fukuma Y., Sakai O. Electromagnetic wave cloaking and scattering around an antiresonance-resonance symmetrical pair in the frequency domain. Physical Review E. 2019;99(1):013204. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.99.013204
  24. Monti A., Soric J., Alù A., Toscano A., Bilotti F. Design of cloaked Yagi-Uda antennas. EPJ Applied Metamaterials. 2016;3:10. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2016012
  25. Ouyang W., Liu Y., Deng W., Zhang Z., Zhao C. Study of the electromagnetic wave propagation in realistic plasma. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. 2020;62(2):660–668. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.32091
  26. Qian J.-W., Zhang H.-L., Xia M.-Y., et al. Modelling of electromagnetic scattering by a hypersonic cone-like body in near space. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. 2017;2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3049532
  27. Dutta R., Biswas R., Roy N. Reduction of attenuation of EM wave inside plasma formed during supersonic or hypersonic re-entry of missile like flight vehicles by the application of DC magnetic field—a technique for mitigation of RF blackout. In: 2011 IEEE Applied Electromagnetics Conference (AEMC). IEEE; 2011. p. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/AEMC.2011.6256917
  28. Dolph C. L., Weil H. On the change in radar cross-section of a spherical satellite caused by a plasma sheath. Planetary and Space Science. 1961;6:123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90012-5
  29. Kirichenko Y. V. Cylindrical plasma antenna with large longitudinal density irregularity. Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics. 2018;63:438–445. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064226918050042
  30. Kirichenko Y. V. Radiation from a plasma layer with a strong longitudinal irregularity. Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics. 2017;62:1367–1374. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064226917110079
  31. Alexandrov A. F., Bogdankevich L. S., Rukhadze A. A., et al. Principles of plasma electrodynamics. Vol. 9. Springer; 1984. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69247-5
  32. Krall N. A., Trivelpiece A. W., Gross R. A. Principles of plasma physics. American Journal of Physics. 1973;41(12):1380–1381. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1987587
  33. Jin J.-M. The finite element method in electromagnetics. John Wiley & Sons; 2015. ISBN: 1118842022; 9781118842027.
  34. Magarotto L., Neto A. G., Albani M. Plasma antennas: a comprehensive review. IEEE Access. 2024;12:45123–45145. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3411142
  35. Maquet J., Guillon P., André F. ANSYS HFSS as a new numerical tool to study wave propagation inside anisotropic magnetized plasmas. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.11234. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12044-025-00842-5
  36. Zhang Y., Li K., Wang T. Mechanical and corrosion properties of plasma-sprayed Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating. Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies. 2019;5(2):145–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068X.2019.1598129
  37. Khalil Sh. M., Mousa N. M. Dispersion characteristics of plasma-filled cylindrical waveguide. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics. 2014;8(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40094-014-0111-2
  38. Golian Y., Dorranian D. Proton driven plasma wakefield generation in a parabolic plasma channel. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics. 2017;11(1):27–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40094-016-0235-7
  39. Saviz S., Salehizadeh F. Plasma effect in tape helix traveling-wave tube. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics. 2014;8(2):125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40094-014-0125-9
  40. Miraboutalebi S., Rajaei L., Khadivi Borogeni M. K. Plasmon resonance coupling in cold overdense dissipative plasma. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics. 2013;7(1):24. https://doi.org/10.1186/2251-7235-7-24