10.57647/j.jtap.2025.1903.29

Reconfigurable metasurface based on graphene micro-ribbons for beam focusing applications

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  • Zahraa J. Abdulkareem*1,
  • Tagreed K. Hamad1,
  • Taha A. Elwi2,
  1. Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq
  2. College of Information Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq

Received: 2025-04-06

Revised: 2025-05-30

Accepted: 2025-06-27

Published in Issue 2025-06-30

Copyright (c) 2025 Zahraa J. Abdulkareem, Tagreed K. Hamad, Taha A. Elwi (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

1.
Abdulkareem ZJ, Hamad TK, Elwi TA. Reconfigurable metasurface based on graphene micro-ribbons for beam focusing applications. J Theor Appl phys. 2025 Jun. 30;19(3). Available from: https://oiccpress.com/jtap/article/view/17454
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Abstract

 Metasurface represents a transformative advancement in photonics, offering unparalleled control over electromagnetic wave properties. The combination of graphene and metasurfaces propels metasurfaces to new heights of compact footprint, reconfigurability, and multifunctionality. This article proposes a reconfigurable metasurface based on graphene micro-ribbons to focus the reflected beam dynamically by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene. Based on the phase shift distribution generated by modulating graphene Fermi level, the metasurface can focus the beam at different focal lengths, shift the focal point, and focus the beam at the double focal point. The performance of the metasurface is characterized by calculating the focusing efficiency, full width at half maximum, and the numerical aperture. The metasurface exhibits high efficiency at long focal lengths. These focus capabilities provide a potentially efficient method for the development and simplification of reconfigurable beam-focusing systems.

Keywords

  • Reconfigurable metasurface,
  • Graphene,
  • Fermi energy,
  • Micro-ribbons,
  • Beam focusing
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