10.57647/j.jtap.2025.1903.31

Performance Analysis of Hybrid Holmium-Ytterbium, Holmium-Thulium, and Ytterbium-Thulium Amplifiers for High Data Rate of a 200 Mbit/s Optical Transmission

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  • Jaspreet Kaur*1,2,
  • Rakesh Goyal3,
  • Gagandeep Kaur4,
  1. Department Of Electronics & Communication Engineering , I.K Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India
  2. Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering ,Sardar Beant Singh State University ,Gurdaspur ,Punjab ,India
  3. Department Of Electronics & Communication Engineering, I.KGujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India
  4. Department of Electrical Engineering, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India

Received: 2024-11-03

Revised: 2025-05-29

Accepted: 2025-06-30

Published in Issue 2025-06-30

Copyright (c) 2025 Jaspreet Kaur, Rakesh Goyal, Gagandeep Kaur (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

1.
Kaur J, Goyal R, Kaur G. Performance Analysis of Hybrid Holmium-Ytterbium, Holmium-Thulium, and Ytterbium-Thulium Amplifiers for High Data Rate of a 200 Mbit/s Optical Transmission. J Theor Appl phys. 2025 Jun. 30;19(3). Available from: https://oiccpress.com/jtap/article/view/17295
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Abstract

The study of three hybrid rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers Holmium-Ytterbium (Ho + Yb), Holmium-Thulium (Ho + Tm), and Ytterbium-Thulium (Yb + Tm) for 200 Mbit/s is conducted for optical transmission systems. Leveraging a custom simulation framework in OptiSystem, we evaluate gain, noise figure, Q-factor, and bit error rate (BER) across 1535–1560 THz and fiber lengths of 0–50 meters. The Ho:Yb configuration demonstrates unparalleled performance, achieving a peak gain of 0 dB, a noise figure of 5 dB, and an ultralow BER of <10^(-14), attributed to efficient energy transfer between Ho3+ and Yb3+ ions. In contrast, (Ho + Tm) exhibits suboptimal gain (−0.5 dB) and elevated noise (6 dB) due to spectral mismatches, while (Yb + Tm) offers moderate stability for medium-haul applications. By correlating dopant interactions with performance metrics, this work establishes (Ho + Yb) as the optimal choice for high-speed, long-distance networks, addressing critical gaps in hybrid amplifier design.

Keywords

  • Rare-earth-doped hybrid optical amplifier,
  • Fiber Bragg gratings,
  • High-speed data transmission
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