10.57647/spre.2026.1001.06

Classification of Meditation EEG Signals Using Empirical Wavelet Transform and Atom Search Optimization-Based Feature Selection

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  • Elham Simakani1,
  • Iman Ahanian*2,3,
  • Mahdi Eslami4,
  • Amir Amirabadi1,
  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  3. Research Center of Modeling and Optimization in Science and Engineering, ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  4. Department of Electrical Engineering, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2025-12-08

Revised: 2026-02-02

Accepted: 2026-02-19

Published in Issue 2026-03-31

Copyright (c) 2026 Elham Simakani, Iman Ahanian, Mahdi Eslami, Amir Amirabadi (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Simakani, E., Ahanian, I., Eslami, M., & Amirabadi, A. (2026). Classification of Meditation EEG Signals Using Empirical Wavelet Transform and Atom Search Optimization-Based Feature Selection. Signal Processing and Renewable Energy (SPRE), 10(1). https://doi.org/10.57647/spre.2026.1001.06
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Abstract

Analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) is a significant technique for deciphering brain activity during meditation; nonetheless, the proper classification of EEG signals is challenging due to the existence of noise, high dimensionality, and overlapping components. In order to alleviate the above pitfalls, the current work presents a novel framework consisting of Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) for adaptive sub-band decomposition and Atom Search Optimization (ASO) for optimal selection of features. EEG signals were decomposed into five standard frequency bands using the application of wavelets from the EWT,and eight statistical features were extracted from each band. ASO was also utilized for the selection of the most discriminative features and the compression of dimensionality while preserving the important information. The extracted features underwent classification with various machine learning models consisting of Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree, and Random Forest. Experimental results validated that SVM in combination with the compression of features produced the greatest accuracy of classification (95%), higher than baseline methods lacking a selection of features and state-of-the-art methods tied in performance. The outcomes indicate that the above technique increases both the accuracy of classification and the speed of computation and is thus appropriate for practical applications such as brain interfaces and state monitoring during meditation. The innovation of the work consists of the combination of adaptive signal decomposition and optimal selection of features to advance the performance of classification according to EEG.

Keywords

  • EEG,
  • Empirical Wavelet Transform,
  • Machine Learning,
  • Feature Extraction,
  • Meditation
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