10.57647/pibm.2023.122318

Preparation and Optimization of a Chitosan-Based Bioactive Scaffold for Alveolar Bone Preservation After Tooth Extraction

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  • Sadaf Javadpour1,
  • Mohammadhossein Ehsani2,
  • Elahe Houshmand3,
  • Mike Sabeti4,
  • Javad Mehrani Sabet5,
  • Behzad Houshmand6,
  1. Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  2. Department of Material Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  3. Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
  4. School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  5. Department of Periodontics, Dental Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  6. Department of Periodontology, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2023-09-22

Revised: 2023-10-20

Accepted: 2023-10-28

Published in Issue 2023-12-30

Copyright (c) 2025 Sadaf Javadpour, Mohammadhossein Ehsani, Elahe Houshmand, Mike Sabeti, Javad Mehrani Sabet, Behzad Houshmand (Author)

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Javadpour, S., Ehsani, M., Houshmand, E., Sabeti, M., Mehrani Sabet, J., & Houshmand, B. (2023). Preparation and Optimization of a Chitosan-Based Bioactive Scaffold for Alveolar Bone Preservation After Tooth Extraction. Progress in Biomaterials, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.57647/pibm.2023.122318
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Abstract

After tooth extraction, bone loss is still a major clinical concern, especially for operations that call for the implantation of an implant later on. Promising materials for scaffold construction in bone tissue engineering include β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), a resorbable ceramic with osteoconductive qualities, and chitosan, a natural polymer with exceptional biocompatibility. The purpose of this work was to create and assess composite chitosan sponges with varying TCP concentrations for possible application as extraction socket preservation (ESP) materials. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze chitosan sponges that had been produced with 1%, 3%, and 5% (w/v) TCP. Degradation rate, blood clotting capacity, porosity, and water absorption were assessed. Biocompatibility and mineralization were evaluated using MTT and Alizarin Red staining assays on MG63 cells. FTIR and XRD showed increased molecular interaction and crystallinity, especially in Cs/T3. The Cs/T5 sponge showed the highest blood absorption (91% RBC) and significantly enhanced cell viability and mineralization in MG63 cells. Water absorption remained consistently high (~97%) across all samples. Cs/TCP composite scaffolds demonstrated favorable physicochemical and biological properties, with Cs/T5 showing particular promise due to its superior cellular response and hemostatic activity. These findings support further exploration of Cs/TCP sponges for bone regeneration and dental socket preservation applications.

Keywords

  • Bone dressing,
  • Carboxymethyl cellulose,
  • Alginate,
  • Tricalcium Phosphate,
  • Biomimetic bone regeneration
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