OICC Press Progress in Biomaterials 2194-0517 12 4 2023 12 30 Preparation and Optimization of a Chitosan-Based Bioactive Scaffold for Alveolar Bone Preservation After Tooth Extraction 10.57647/pibm.2023.122318 EN Sadaf Javadpour Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mohammadhossein Ehsani Department of Material Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Elahe Houshmand Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy Mike Sabeti School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Javad Mehrani Sabet Department of Periodontics, Dental Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7381-3091 Behzad Houshmand Department of Periodontology, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6354-840X Journal Article 2023 12 30 After tooth extraction, bone loss is still a major clinical concern, especially for operations that call for the implantation of an implant later on. Promising materials for scaffold construction in bone tissue engineering include β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), a resorbable ceramic with osteoconductive qualities, and chitosan, a natural polymer with exceptional biocompatibility. The purpose of this work was to create and assess composite chitosan sponges with varying TCP concentrations for possible application as extraction socket preservation (ESP) materials. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze chitosan sponges that had been produced with 1%, 3%, and 5% (w/v) TCP. Degradation rate, blood clotting capacity, porosity, and water absorption were assessed. Biocompatibility and mineralization were evaluated using MTT and Alizarin Red staining assays on MG63 cells. FTIR and XRD showed increased molecular interaction and crystallinity, especially in Cs/T3. The Cs/T5 sponge showed the highest blood absorption (91% RBC) and significantly enhanced cell viability and mineralization in MG63 cells. Water absorption remained consistently high (~97%) across all samples. Cs/TCP composite scaffolds demonstrated favorable physicochemical and biological properties, with Cs/T5 showing particular promise due to its superior cellular response and hemostatic activity. These findings support further exploration of Cs/TCP sponges for bone regeneration and dental socket preservation applications.