10.57647/ijrowa-cg5w-wn43

Determination of growth, leaf yield, quality and safety of potted Ocimum gratissimum L. cultivated using different fertilizer types

PDF
  • Nneka Angela Okoli*1,
  • Elozonachukwu Stella Maris Udoh1,
  • Chukwudi Michael Lambert1,
  1. Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria
Determination of growth, leaf yield, quality and safety of potted Ocimum gratissimum L. cultivated using different ferti

Received: 2023-11-26

Revised: 2024-02-02

Accepted: 2024-10-27

Published 2024-11-07

Copyright (c) 2024 Nneka Angela Okoli, Elozonachukwu Stella Maris Udoh, Chukwudi Michael Lambert (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Okoli, N. A., Udoh, E. S. M., & Lambert, C. M. (2024). Determination of growth, leaf yield, quality and safety of potted Ocimum gratissimum L. cultivated using different fertilizer types. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.57647/ijrowa-cg5w-wn43
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

PDF views: 59

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to produce compost and compare the effect with other fertilizer types on scent leaf vegetative growth, yield, nutrient contents and heavy metal accumulation for safety of consumers.

Method: Cow dung, compost, NPK fertilizer and urea were applied to scent leaf stem cuttings at 2 weeks after planting. Control was zero application of fertilizer. Treatments were replicated four times in a completely randomized design.  Concentrations of Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, Zn and Ni in the leaves were determined at 8 weeks after treatment application (WATA).

 

Results: Compost increased plant height from 32.40 to 66.25 cm while zero application of fertilizer increased plant height from 20.75 to 38.25 cm between 2 to 8 WATA. Compost (3.88 tha-1) significantly (p<0.05) produced highest leaf yield than zero application of fertilizer (1.29 tha-1). Fe, Cu, Pb accumulation were lowest in scent leaf produced with NPK fertilizer while Zn, Ni and Cd accumulation were lowest in scent leaf produced with cow dung. Pb was higher in scent leaf produced with compost (0.48 ± 0.09 mg kg-1) and lower in scent leaf cultivated with NPk fertilizer (0.11 ± 0.06 mg kg-1). Despite the high content of heavy metals in scent leaf produced with compost, heavy metal bioaccumulations were below FAO/WHO permissible values.

Conclusion: Soils amendment with 5 tha-1 of compost showed superiority over other fertilizer types in terms of growth and leaf yield of scent leaf. Cow dung and NPK fertilizer suppressed bioaccumulation of heavy metals in scent leaf and promoted nutrient quality and safety of the scent leaf.

Research Highlights

  • Organic and inorganic fertilizers can be used to amend the soil
  • Organic and inorganic fertilizers contain heavy metals
  • Crops absorb heavy metals and heavy metals above FAO/WHO permissible value makes the crop unsafe
  • Compost showed superiority in improving growth and yield of scent leaf above other fertilizers
  • Concentration of heavy metals in scent leaf grown with compost was below FAO/WHO permissible value 

Keywords

  • Compost,
  • Heavy metals,
  • Inorganic fertilizer,
  • Organic manure,
  • Food safety
PDF

References

  1. AdeOluwa OO, Akinyemi O (2014) Amaranths (Amaranthus viridis) dry matter and soils qualities: organic vs inorganic fertilizers. In: Rahmann G, Aksoy U (eds.) In: Proceedings of the 4th ISOFAR Scientific Conference. ‘Building Organic Bridges’, at the Organic World Congress 2014, 13–15 October, Istanbul, Turkey, p 879–882.
  2. Akanbi WB, Togun AO (2002) The influence of maize- stover compost and nitrogen fertilizer on growth yield and nutrient uptake of amaranth. Sci Hort 93:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(01)00305-3
  3. Al Jassir MS, Shaker A, Khaliq MA (2005) Deposition of heavy metals on green leafy vegetable sold on roadsides of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Bulletin Envtal Contam Toxico 75:1020-1027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-005-0851-4
  4. Alexander P (2016) Phytochemical screening and mineral composition of the leaves of Ocimum gratissmum (Scent leaf). Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol 4(2):161. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i2.15101
  5. Alromian FM (2020) Effect of type of compost and application rate on growth and quality of lettuce plant. J Plant Nut 43(18):2797–2809. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1793185
  6. Anjili EM, Nuhu AA, Uba S (2018) Comparative study of nutritional contents of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum plant leaves and soils samples from Borno and Enugu States, Nigeria. Bayero J Pure Appl Sci 12(1):40–51. https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.7
  7. APHA (1995) Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 19th edition. American Public Health Association Inc. New York
  8. Bremner JM, Mulvaney CS (1982) Nitrogen-total. In: Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney RR (eds.), Methods of soils analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Soils Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 59–624.
  9. Brown SL, Henry CL, Chaney R, Compton H, DeVolder PS (2003) Using municipal biosolids in combination with other residuals to restore metal-contaminated mining areas. Plant Soils 249(1): 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022558013310
  10. Edo GI, Samuel PO, Ossai S, Nwachukwu SC, Okolie MC, Oghenegueke O, Asaah, EU, Akpghelie PO, Ugbune U, Owheruo JO, Ezekiel GO, Onoharigho FO, Agbo JJ (2023) Phytochemistry and pharmacological compounds present in scent leaf: A review. Food Chemistry Advances 3:100300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2023.100300
  11. Eifediyi EK, Remison SU (2010) Growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativum L.) as influenced by farm yard manure and inorganic fertilizer. J Plant Breeding Crop Sci 2:216–220.
  12. Elgubshawi AA (2019) Effects of cow manure on growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) in salty affected soils and drip irrigation system, Bhrain Kingdom. J Agric Res 5(4): https://doi.org/10.53555/ar.v5i4.2795
  13. FAO/WHO (2021) Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme. Codex committee on contaminants in foods. Codex Alimentarius Commission. 14th Session, 3-7 and 13 may, 2021. Rome, Italy.
  14. GENSTAT (2007) GENSTAT for Windows. Release 7.2DE Discov¬ery Edition 3. Lawes Agricultural Trust (Rothamsted Experi¬mental Station). VSN International Ltd., Hemel Hempstead, UK
  15. Gudugi LAS (2013) Effect of cow dung and variety on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Euro J Exp Bio 3(2):495–498.
  16. Hendershot WH, Lalande H, Duquette M (1993) Soils reaction and exchangeable acidity, pp. 141–145. In: Carter MR (ed.) Soils sampling and methods of analysis. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, London, UK. Pp. 141 – 145.
  17. Hernandez T, Chocano C, Moreno JL, Garcia C (2016) Use of compost as an alternative to conventional inorganic fertilizers in intensive lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crops-Effects on soils and plant. Soils Till Res 160:14-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.02.005
  18. Huang M, Zhu Y, Li Z, Huang B, Luo N, Liu C, Zeng G (2016) Compost as a soils amendment to remediate heavy metal-contaminated agricultural soils: Mechanisms, efficacy, problems and strategies. Water Air Soils Pollut (2016):227–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-3068-8
  19. Iyama WA, Okpara K, Techato K (2021) Assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soils and plant (Veronia amygdalina Delile) in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria. Agric 12(1):27. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12010027
  20. Kumngen A, Jutarut L, Usmana M, Sudarat S, Sujunya A, Wilaiwan C, Pattamavadee K, Noodchanath K, Siwapong L, Seppo K (2023) Effects of compost from food waste on growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa Var Crispa L.). Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult 12:247- 258. https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2022.1960507.1481
  21. Kunene EN, Masarirambi MT, Gadaga TH, Dlamini PS, Ngwenya MP, Vilane VS (2019) Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus). Acta Hortic 1238: 31 – 37. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1238.4
  22. Moral R, Paredes C, Bustamante MA, Marhuenda-Egea F, Bernal MP (2009) Utilisation of manure composts by high-value crops: safety and environmental challenges. Bioresour Technol 100(22):5454 – 5460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biort ech.2008.12.007
  23. Mortvedt JJ (1995) Heavy metal contaminants in inorganic and organic fertilizers. Fertilizer Research 43(1995): 55 – 61. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00747683
  24. Muhammad S, Muhammad S, Muhammad AA, Abul G (2014) Effect of organic amendments on phyto availability of nickel and growth of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) under nickel contaminated soils conditions. Chem Spec Bio 26(1):37–42. https://doi.org/10.3184/095422914X13886890590610
  25. Nelson DW, Sommers LE (1982) Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter, pp. 539–579. In: Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney RR (eds.), Methods of Soils Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. American Society of Agronomy-SSSA., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 595–579.
  26. Oguntade OA, Olagbenro TS, Odusanya OA, Olagunju SO, Adewusi KM, Adegoke AT (2019) Assessment of composted kitchen waste and poultry manure amendments on growth, yield and heavy metal uptake by Jute mallow Corchorus olitorius Linn. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult 8:187–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-018-0232-8
  27. Okoli NA, Obiefuna JC, Ihejirika GO, Alagba RA, Keyagha ER, Adikuru NC, Emma-Okafor LC (2015) Effect of organic manure mixtures and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of okra (Ablemoschus esculentus L.) in Owerri area of Imo State, Nigeria. Int J Agric Rural Dev 18(2):2209-2214
  28. Olaniyi JO, Adelasoye KA, Jegede CO (2008) Influence of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of quality of grain amaranth varieties. World J Agric Sci 4:506-513
  29. Olsen SR, Sommers LE (1982) Phosphorus. In Paige AL, Millers RH, Keeney DR (eds.) Methods of soils analysis Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties American Society of Agronomy, Soils Science Society of America, Madison, USA, pp. 403 – 430
  30. Oyeyemi AD, Francis I, Anifowose EM (2017) Growth and proximate composition of Amaranthus cruentus L. on poor soils amended with compost and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult 6:195–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-017-0167-5
  31. Puschenreiter M, Horak O, Friesl-Hani W, Hartl W (2005) Low-cost agricultural measures to reduce heavy metal transfer into the food chain- a review. Plant Soils Environ 51(1):1-11. https://doi.org/ 10.17221/3549-PSE
  32. Samah MAA, Hassan NS, Hussain MRMH, Ibrahim MZ, Jan NHM, Kamarudin MKA (2020) Determination of heavy metal concentration in food waste compost on root uptake of Capsicum annum L. Int J Adv Sci Technol 29(9):1612-1627
  33. Sanni KO (2016) Effect of compost, cow dung and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer on growth and yield performance of Amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus). Int J Adv Sci Res 2(3):76–82. https://doi.org/ 10.7439/ijasr.v213.3148
  34. Singh A, Agrawal M, Marshall FM (2010) The role of organic vs inorganic fertilizers in reducing phyto availability of heavy metals in a wastewater-irrigated area. Eco Eng 36(12): 1733 -1740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.07.021
  35. Smith SR (2009) A critical review of the bioavailability and impacts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste compost compared to sewage sludge. Environ Int 35(1):142-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.06.009
  36. Smith MR, Rao IM, Merchant A (2018) Source-sink relationships in crop plants and their influence on yield development and nutritional quality. Front Plant Sci 9:1889. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01889
  37. Souri MK, Hatamian MH (2019) Aminochelates in plant nutrition; a review. J Plant Nut 42(1): 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2018.1549671
  38. Souri MK, Alipanahi N, Hatamian M, Ahmadi M, Tesfamariam T (2018) Elemental profile of heavy metals in Garden cress, Coriander, Lettuce and Spinach, commonly cultivated in Kahrizak, South of Tehran-Iran. Open Agriculture 3(1):3237. https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0004
  39. Sun RL, Zhou QZ, Sun FH, Jin CX (2007) Antioxidative defense and proline/phtychelatin accumulation a newly discovered Cd-hypperacunulator in Solanum nigrum L. Environ Exp Bot 60:468-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.01.004
  40. Tamakloe M, Koledzi EK, Aziable E, Tacha-Thom M, Krou NM (2021) Impact of composts maturity on growth and agronomic parameters of maize (Zea mays L.). Amer J Analy Chem 12: 29-45. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2021.122003
  41. Vijantie RR, Lydia AO, Abdullah AA (2021) Production and effect of vermiwash and vermicompost on plant growth parameters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Suriname. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult 10(4):397-413. https ://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1911898.1148
  42. Vukobratovic M, Vukobratovic Z, Loncaric Z, Kerovac D (2014) Heavy metals in animal manures effect of composting on it. Acta Hortic 1034: 591-597. https ://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1034.75
  43. Wang F, Zhang S, Cheng P, Zhang S, Sun Y (2020) Effects of soils amendments on heavy metal immobilization and accumulation by maize grown in a multiple-metal-contaminated soils and their potential for safe crop production. Toxics 8(4):102. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040102
  44. Wang Y, Zhong B, Shafi M, Ma J, Guo J, Wu J, Ye Z, Liu D, Jin H (2019) Effects of biochar on growth, and heavy metals accumulation of moso bamboo (Phyllostacy pubescens), soils physical properties and heavy metals solubility in soils. Chemosphere 2019(219):510-516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.159