10.57647/j.ijrowa.2024.1302.13

A review of vegetable waste bio-processing techniques in rural areas

  1. Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Published 2024-03-20

How to Cite

Murshid, N., Lamaming, J., Saalah, S., Rajin, M., & Yaser, A. Z. (2024). A review of vegetable waste bio-processing techniques in rural areas. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.57647/j.ijrowa.2024.1302.13

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Abstract

Purpose: Vegetable waste (VW) could cause environmental problems if not properly managed. Due to rural living conditions and a relatively low residence density, VW is usually disposed of in landfills. Waste management should be engineered in a way to process the waste into value-added products in a sustainable manner. This review evaluates four bioprocessing techniques for this purpose: anaerobic digestion (AD), vermicomposting (VC), black soldier fly composting (BSFC), and composting. Method: A systematic search involved databases from Scopus using keywords like âvegetable waste; anaerobic digestion; composting; vermicomposting; black soldier flyâ. By reviewing and synthesizing 173 articles (with 162 from 2019â2023), this paper summarizes and illustrates the information collected. Results: In a systematic search, AD and composting easily surpassed 2000 publications (from 2013 to January 2023). Besides composting emerged as a cost-effective (for MYR 1.40/kg) bio-processing technique in terms of production cost. This review on VW composting is based on an acceptable C/N ratio (30â50), moisture content (50%â80%), ratio of VW to additives (typically 30:70), efficient additives, and inoculation strategy. This review also summarizes the maturity index and illustrates the usage of compost and leachate as fertilizer. Conclusion: VW composting in rural areas is reliable and beneficial because it uses a small-scale reactor and has the potential for a circular economy in the community. Highlights
  • The current state of vegetable waste composting has opportunities for improvement.
  • Economic feasibility between bio-processing techniques such as anaerobic digestion, black soldier fly composting, vermicomposting, and composting is analyzed.
  • Composting efficiency is improved by parameter optimization.
  • The compost and leachate produced demonstrate secondary usage and initiate the circular economy.
  • The environmental impact and benefits of rural vegetable waste management are discussed.

Keywords

  • Agriculture economy,
  • Compost maturity,
  • Composting,
  • Organic Fertilizer,
  • Vegetable waste,
  • Waste management
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