10.57647/ijrowa.2026.18745

Recycling Animal and Plant Residues Through Vermicomposting: Nutrient Release, Organic Carbon Fractions, and Humate Quality Under Semi-Arid Conditions

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  • Larissa Fernandes da Silva*1,
  • Luiz Fernando de Sousa Antunes1,
  • Jeane Cruz Portela1,
  • Diana Ferreira de Freitas2,
  • Daniel Valadão Silva1,
  • Francimar Maik da Silva Morais1,
  • Francisco Éder Rodrigues de Oliveira1,
  • João Luiz Lima1,
  • Ramona Rodrigues Amaro de Oliveira1,
  • Erlen Kaline Ávila do Nascimento1,
  • Alessandra Nunes da Silva1,
  • Paulo Ricardo Chagas Oliveira1,
  • Pedro Victor Tavares Firmino da Silva1,
  • Eulene Francisco da Silva1,
  1. Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Mossoró-RN, Brazil
  2. Federal University of Ceará, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil

Published Online: 2026-02-03

Copyright (c) -1 Larissa Fernandes da Silva, Luiz Fernando de Sousa Antunes, Jeane Cruz Portela, Diana Ferreira de Freitas, Daniel Valadão Silva, Francimar Maik da Silva Morais, Francisco Éder Rodrigues de Oliveira, João Luiz Lima, Ramona Rodrigues Amaro de Oliveira, Erlen Kaline Ávila do Nascimento, Alessandra Nunes da Silva, Paulo Ricardo Chagas Oliveira, Pedro Victor Tavares Firmino da Silva, Eulene Francisco da Silva (Author)

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Fernandes da Silva, L., de Sousa Antunes, L. F., Cruz Portela, J., Ferreira de Freitas, D., Valadão Silva, D., da Silva Morais, F. M., Rodrigues de Oliveira, F. Éder, Lima, J. L., Amaro de Oliveira, R. R., Ávila do Nascimento, E. K., da Silva, A. N., Chagas Oliveira, P. R., Firmino da Silva, P. V. T., & da Silva, E. F. Recycling Animal and Plant Residues Through Vermicomposting: Nutrient Release, Organic Carbon Fractions, and Humate Quality Under Semi-Arid Conditions. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.57647/ijrowa.2026.18745
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Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the availability of nutrients through different extraction methods, their potential mineralization, total carbon content, and carbon distribution in various organic carbon fractions. Additionally, it examined the characteristics of humates derived from distinct vermicompost formulations.

Methods: The experiment followed a 6×4 factorial design, incorporating six treatments (combinations of cattle manure, goat manure, cashew leaves, and catanduva leaves) and four evaluation intervals (30, 60, 90, and 120 days of vermicomposting). The experimental units were arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates, using polyethylene containers under uniform environmental conditions.

Results: The findings revealed that vermicomposts produced with cattle manure consistently displayed higher levels of total organic carbon and carbon in both labile and humified fractions of the organic material, regardless of the plant mixtures used. Nutrients showed greater availability in both the short and medium term, except for phosphorus and potassium, which were more readily available in vermicomposts based on goat manure in the short term. Conclusion: Cattle manure vermicomposts, regardless of the plant mixture, had higher levels of nutrients available in the short and medium term, except for P and K. Humates obtained from cattle manure-based vermicomposts exhibited elevated levels of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carboxylic acidity, demonstrating a notable increase in aliphatic carbon groups and a higher degree of humification, coupled with lower aromaticity and minimal structural condensation.

Highlights

• Producers in the semiarid region have been producing vermicompost with animal and plant waste

• The valorization of vermicomposted biowaste must have agronomic qualities within a given time.

• The characteristics analyzed were: organic matter and fractions, nutrient and humate contents.

• Vermicompost from cattle manure presented higher nutrient contents and total organic C and organic fractions.

• Humates from cattle vermicomposts present higher composition of C, H, N and O, acidity and higher E4/E6 ratios.

Keywords

  • Earthworm composting,
  • Vermicompost humates,
  • Cattle manure,
  • Humic substances,
  • Nutrients,
  • Elemental composition
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