10.57647/ijrowa.2026.18741

Nutrient Release Pattern of Different Organic Sources under Controlled Conditions

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  • Rashid Mukhtar1,
  • Wazir Ahmed*1,
  • Tanveer Ul Haq1,
  • Shafqat Saeed2,
  • Ashfaq Ahmad Rahi3,
  • Abdul Ghaffar4,
  1. Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
  2. Institute of Plant Protection, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
  3. Pesticide Quality Control Lab, Multan, Pakistan
  4. Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan

Received: 2024-09-01

Revised: 2024-09-13

Accepted: 2025-12-13

Published Online: 2026-01-31

Copyright (c) -1 Rashid Mukhtar, Wazir Ahmed, Tanveer Ul Haq, Shafqat Saeed, Ashfaq Ahmad Rahi, Abdul Ghaffar (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Mukhtar, R., Ahmed, W., Ul Haq, T., Saeed, S., Ahmad Rahi, A., & Ghaffar, A. Nutrient Release Pattern of Different Organic Sources under Controlled Conditions. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.57647/ijrowa.2026.18741
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Abstract

Purpose: It is essential to have up-to-date knowledge about the mineralization of organic sources and the release patterns of nutrients to ensure that crops receive sufficient nutrients throughout their growth cycle. Organic sources like compost, animal manure, and green manure are valuable nutrient sources for crop production. However, the nutrient content of these sources can vary based on factors such as the source, composition, and processing method. This study aimed to determine the release patterns of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) from various organic sources to optimize their utilization.

Method: Seven types of compost, EPMC, CPM, GMI, Kitchen Organic Waste Compost (KOWC), Biochar-Enriched Compost (BEC), CWS, and Value-Added Compost (VAC), were collected from organic sources and evaluated for nutrient release patterns under controlled conditions over a 60-day period.

Results: The variations in SOM, C dynamics, nutrient mineralization rate were associated with chemical composition of the manures. EPMC was found as the most suitable P organic amendment for integration with chemical N fertilizers while KOWC demonstrated superior potential as an P organic source and BEC as a K-rich organic amendment. Additionally, VAC exhibited the most balanced and consistent nutrient release characteristics, making it a strong candidate for use as a general-purpose organic nutrient source.

Conclusion: No single manure type can be universally recommended for integrated management of N, P and K. Instead, nutrient specific calibration and detailed characterization of each manure source are essential for optimize the combined use of organic and inorganic nutrient inputs.

Highlights:

·       The efficiency of compost mineralization was determined by the ratios of C:P and C:K, not C:N.

·       Enriched poultry-based compost was a top source of organic nitrogen (N)

·       Composted kitchen organic waste was ideal for phosphorus (P) nutrition.

·       Biochar-enriched compost was the best organic fertilizer for potassium (K).

·       Value-added compost emerged as a comprehensive single source of organic N, P and K

Keywords

  • Composting,
  • Compost value addition,
  • Organic sources,
  • Nutrient pattern
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