10.57647/ijrowa.2026.18320

A Comparative Study of Biochar Production from Temple floral Waste and Coriander Stems

PDF
  • Kalyani A. Motghare1,
  • Vivek P. Bhange*1,
  • Jagdish W. Gabhane2,
  • Manju A. Soni1,
  • Vivek M. Nanoti1,
  1. Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440019, India
  2. Chintamani College of Arts and Science, Gondwana University, Gondpipri, Maharashtra 442702, India

Received: 2024-11-12

Revised: 2024-06-22

Accepted: 2024-11-29

Published in Issue 2026-06-30

Published Online: 2026-01-02

Copyright (c) -1 Kalyani A. Motghare, Vivek P. Bhange, Jagdish W. Gabhane, Manju A. Soni, Vivek M. Nanoti (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Motghare, K. A., Bhange, V. P., Gabhane, J. W., Soni, M. A., & Nanoti, V. M. (2026). A Comparative Study of Biochar Production from Temple floral Waste and Coriander Stems. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.57647/ijrowa.2026.18320
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

PDF views: 107

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigates and compares the efficiency and physicochemical properties of biochar produced from two distinct biomass feedstocks: temple floral waste and coriander stems—and assesses their potential applicability in agricultural systems.

Method; Biochar was produced via pyrolysis at 550 °C under oxygen-limited conditions. The samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Germination tests were conducted using Cicer arietinum to assess the effectiveness of the biochars.

Results: EDX analysis confirmed the presence of essential macronutrients—carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)—indicating potential as soil enhancers. The maximum biochar yield (57%) was obtained from temple floral waste, whereas coriander stems yielded )49%(. Germination tests revealed that coriander stem biochar promoted seed growth more effectively than floral waste.

Conclusion: Both biomass sources are viable for sustainable biochar production; however, coriander stem biochar showed greater potential for enhancing seed germination. The findings highlight the role of unconventional biomass in sustainable waste management and agricultural improvement.

Highlights

·       Comparison of biochar efficiency from temple floral waste and coriander stems.

·       Both biomasses underwent pyrolysis at 550°C, a process without oxygen.

·       Physicochemical analysis of biochar from floral & coriander waste revealed macro-nutrients.

·       Highest biochar yield was achieved using floral waste.

·       Sustainable waste management & biochar production from temple waste, coriander stems.

Keywords

  • Biochar,
  • Pyrolysis,
  • Temple floral waste,
  • Coriander waste,
  • Biochar characterization
PDF

References

  1. Alkharpotly, A. A., Abd-Elkader, D. Y., Salem, M. Z., & Hassan, H. S. (2024). Growth, productivity and phytochemicals of coriander in response to foliar application of Acacia saligna fruit extract as a biostimulant under field conditions. Scientific Reports, 14, 2921. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53378-5
  2. Al-Layla, N. M., Saleh, L. A., & Fadhil, A. B. (2021). Liquid biofuels and carbon adsorbents production via pyrolysis of non-edible feedstock. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 156, 105088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105088
  3. Alqattaf, A. (2020). Plastic waste management: Global facts, challenges and solutions. In 2020 Second International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Technology and Innovation in Building Designs (pp. 1–7). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF51154.2020.9319934
  4. Al-Wabel, M. I., Al-Omran, A., El-Naggar, A. H., Nadeem, M., & Usman, A. R. (2013). Pyrolysis temperature-induced changes in characteristics and chemical composition of biochar produced from Conocarpus wastes. Bioresource Technology, 131, 374–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.165
  5. Askeland, M., Clarke, B., & Paz-Ferreiro, J. (2019). Comparative characterization of biochars produced at three selected pyrolysis temperatures from common woody and herbaceous waste streams. PeerJ, 7, e6784. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6784
  6. Ayllon, M., Aznar, M., Sanchez, J. L., Gea, G., & Arauzo, J. (2006). Influence of temperature and heating rate on the fixed-bed pyrolysis of meat and bone meal. Chemical Engineering Journal, 121, 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2006.04.013
  7. Azargohar, R., Jacobson, K. L., Powell, E. E., & Dalai, A. K. (2013). Evaluation of properties of fast pyrolysis products obtained from Canadian waste biomass. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 104, 330–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2013.06.016
  8. Ba-Abbad, M. M., Kadhum, A. A. H., Mohamad, A. B., Takriff, M. S., & Sopian, K. (2012). Synthesis and catalytic activity of TiO₂ nanoparticles for photochemical oxidation of concentrated chlorophenols under direct solar radiation. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 7, 4871–4888.
  9. Barus, J., Mustikawati, D. R., Endriani, E., Meithasari, D., Ernawati, R. E. R., Wardani, N., & Silalahi, M. (2023). Evaluation of composting of several plant biomass wastes with different types of starters. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 12(4), 503–514. https://doi.org/10.30486/ijrowa.2023.1974616.1567
  10. Bukka, K., Miller, J., & Shabtai, J. (1992). FTIR study of deuterated montmorillonites: Structural features relevant to pillared clay stability. Clays and Clay Minerals, 40, 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400110
  11. Canal, W. D., Carvalho, A. M. M., Figueiró, C. G., Carneiro, A. D. C. O., Fialho, L. D. F., & Donato, D. B. (2020). Impact of wood moisture in charcoal production and quality. Floresta e Ambiente, 27, e20200099. https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.099917
  12. Chankapure, P., Doggali, P., Motghare, K., Waghmare, S., Rayalu, S., Teraoka, Y., & Labhsetwar, N. (2011). Coal- and biomass-based fuels in rural India: Emissions and possibility of their control. Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences, 4, 8–12.
  13. Chen, W. H., Zhuang, Y. Q., Liu, S. H., Juang, T. T., & Tsai, C. M. (2016). Product characteristics from the torrefaction of oil palm fiber pellets in inert and oxidative atmospheres. Bioresource Technology, 199, 367–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.066
  14. El Ouassif, H., Gayh, U., & Ghomi, M. R. (2024). Biochar production from agricultural waste (corncob) to remove ammonia from livestock wastewater. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 13(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.30486/ijrowa.2023.1971222.1287
  15. Gabhane, J., & Vaidya, A. N. (2019). Efficiency of nutrient-based compost activator on composting of green biomass. International Journal of Current Engineering and Scientific Research, 6, 321–331.
  16. Gabhane, J. W., Bhange, V. P., Patil, P. D., Bankar, S. T., & Kumar, S. (2020). Recent trends in biochar production methods and its application as a soil health conditioner: A review. SN Applied Sciences, 2, 1307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-3121-5
  17. Gebreyesus, T. G., & Semwal, K. C. (2025). Evaluating the performance of tea leaf waste as a substrate supplement for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus L. on groundnut shell. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 14(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.57647/ijrowa-fznx-zd35
  18. Gunarathne, V., Mayakaduwa, S., & Vithanage, M. (2017). Biochar’s influence as a soil amendment for essential plant nutrient uptake. In Essential plant nutrients (pp. 47–67). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58841-4_3
  19. Heinisch, O. (1965). Review of Statistical treatment of experimental data by H. D. Young. Biometrical Journal, 7, 123. https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.19650070123
  20. Khuenkaeo, N., & Tippayawong, N. (2020). Production and characterization of bio-oil and biochar from ablative pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass residues. Chemical Engineering Communications, 207, 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2019.1574769
  21. Lee, Y., Ryu, C., Park, Y. K., Jung, J. H., & Hyun, S. (2013). Characteristics of biochar produced from slow pyrolysis of Geodae-Uksae 1. Bioresource Technology, 130, 345-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.012
  22. Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (Eds.). (2009). Biochar for environmental management. Earthscan.
  23. Mohan, D., Kumar, A., Sarswat, A., Patel, M., Singh, P., & Pittman, C. U., Jr. (2018). Biochar production and applications in soil fertility and carbon sequestration. RSC Advances, 8, 508–552. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA10353
  24. Motghare, K. A., Rathod, A. P., Wasewar, K. L., & Labhsetwar, N. K. (2016). Comparative study of different waste biomass for energy application. Waste Management, 47, 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.032
  25. Mohamed Noor, N., Shariff, A., & Abdullah, N. (2012). Slow pyrolysis of cassava wastes for biochar production and characterization. Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment, 3(5). https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2012.03.05.10
  26. Qian, K., Kumar, A., Zhang, H., Bellmer, D., & Huhnke, R. (2015). Recent advances in utilization of biochar. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 42, 1055–1064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.074
  27. Singh, R., Bhateria, R., & Singh, R. P. (2017). Sustainable management of temple floral waste through vermicomposting. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 7, 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2017.02.001
  28. Qin, L., Wu, Y., Hou, Z., & Jiang, E. (2020). Influence of biomass components, temperature and pressure on the pyrolysis behavior and biochar properties of pine nut shells. Bioresource Technology, 313, 123682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123682
  29. Smeacetto, F., De Miranda, A., Chrysanthou, A., Bernardo, E., Secco, M., Bindi, M., ... & Ferraris, M. (2014). Novel Glass‐Ceramic Composition as Sealant for SOFC s. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 97(12), 3835-3842. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.13219
  30. Wade, S. R., Nunoura, T., & Antal, M. J. (2006). Studies of the flash carbonization process. 2. Violent ignition behavior of pressurized packed beds of biomass: A factorial study. Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 45(10), 3512-3519. . https://doi.org/10.1021/ie051374
  31. Yadav, R., Sharma, A. K., & Babu, J. N. (2016). Sorptive removal of arsenite [As (III)] and arsenate [As (V)] by fuller’s earth immobilized nanoscale zero-valent iron nanoparticles (F-nZVI): Effect of Fe0 loading on adsorption activity. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 4(1), 681-694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.12.019
  32. Zhang, J., Liu, J., & Liu, R. (2015). Effects of pyrolysis temperature and heating time on biochar obtained from straw and lignosulfonate. Bioresource Technology, 176, 288–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.011.