10.57647/ijrowa-2026-17443

The impact of lignocellulosic wastes and industrial by-products on some chemical properties of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes)

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  • Abbas Lotfi1,
  • Mehrdad Jafarpour*2,3,
  • Fariba Khalili3,
  1. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Isf. C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
  2. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Edibe and Medicinal Mushrooms Research Center, Isf. C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
  3. Institute of Agriculture, Water, Food, and Nutraceuticals, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
The impact of lignocellulosic wastes and industrial by-products on some chemical properties of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes)

Received: 2025-01-06

Revised: 2025-05-03

Accepted: 2025-08-21

Published in Issue 2025-09-07

Copyright (c) -1 Abbas Lotfi, Mehrdad Jafarpour, Fariba Khalili (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Lotfi, A., Jafarpour, M., & Khalili, F. (2025). The impact of lignocellulosic wastes and industrial by-products on some chemical properties of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes). International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.57647/ijrowa-2026-17443
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Abstract

Purpose: The edible and medicinal Shiitake mushroom is one of the most well-known mushrooms worldwide. Mushroom cultivation reduces the environmental impact of agricultural waste used as substrates and provides an economically viable alternative for producing food with high flavor and quality, as well as valuable metabolites.

Method: The present study was conducted in 2023 at the Islamic Azad University, Isfahan branch, using a split-plot design arrangement. The main plots included sawdust from oak, poplar, mulberry, and corn wood, while the subplots included wheat bran (0 and 25%), oat seeds (0 and 30%), gypsum (CaSO₄•2H₂O) (0 and 30 mmol per kilogram), whey powder (0 and 1%), dairy factory wastewater (0 and 50%), and sugar factory wastewater (0 and 50%).

Result: The highest average carbohydrate content in the Shiitake mushroom was observed in the oak sawdust treatment with wheat bran supplement (29.71%), while the lowest was found in the poplar sawdust treatment with dairy wastewater (25.54%). Additionally, the highest average protein content in the Shiitake mushroom was observed in the oak sawdust treatment with dairy wastewater supplement, while the lowest was found in the poplar and corn sawdust treatments without any supplements (15.34 and 15.37 g per kg dry weight, respectively).

Conclusion: The highest average carbohydrate content in Shiitake mushrooms was observed in the oak sawdust treatment with wheat bran supplementation.  The highest fiber content in Shiitake mushrooms was observed in the oat treatment, while the lowest content was found in treatments with whey, dairy wastewater, control, and gypsum.

Highlights

  • Oak sawdust + wheat bran yielded highest Shiitake carbs (29.71%).
  • Dairy wastewater + oak sawdust boosted Shiitake protein (33.54 g/kg).
  • Oat supplement increased Shiitake fiber content (86.93 g/kg).
  • Substrate type did not significantly affect ash or soluble solids.
  • Lignocellulosic wastes enhanced Shiitake nutritional quality sustainably.
  • Gypsum reduced oxalate toxicity, improving Shiitake mycelial growth.
  • Dairy wastewater enriched nitrogen, elevating Shiitake protein levels.
  • Whey and control treatments showed lowest fiber content in Shiitake.

Keywords

  • Shiitake mushroom,
  • Soluble solids,
  • Fiber,
  • Carbohydrates,
  • Protein
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