10.57647/ijc.2026.1602.18

Hercynite@SiO2-APTS-Proline as a Novel Magnetic Nanocatalyst for the Regioselective Synthesis of New Spiro[indoline-3,5'-pyrido-pyrimidine/dipyrimidine] Derivatives

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  • Haniyeh Bozorgi1,
  • Hassan Kefayati*1,
  • Mohammad Nikpassand1,
  1. Department of Chemistry, Ra.C., Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

Received: 2025-11-21

Revised: 2026-01-05

Accepted: 2026-02-10

Published in Issue 2026-06-30

Published Online: 2026-05-11

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Bozorgi, H., Kefayati, H., & Nikpassand, M. (2026). Hercynite@SiO2-APTS-Proline as a Novel Magnetic Nanocatalyst for the Regioselective Synthesis of New Spiro[indoline-3,5’-pyrido-pyrimidine/dipyrimidine] Derivatives. Iranian Journal of Catalysis, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.57647/ijc.2026.1602.18
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Abstract

Hercynite (FeAl2O4) magnetic nano particle (MNP) was prepared by a chemical coprecipitation process and the surface of its functionalized with amino propyl tetramethyl Silan (APTS) groups. Reaction of synthesized Hercynite@SiO2-APTS with proline was obtained Hercynite@APTS-Proline as a new nanoparticle. The structure and composition of the synthesized Hercynite@APTS-Proline characterized by FT-IR, XRD, EDX, SEM, TEM, TGA and VSM techniques. The catalytic activity of prepared Hercynite@APTS-Proline was used for the synthesis of spiro [indoline-3,5'- pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine] and spiro[indoline-3,5'-pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidine derivatives and the results show that its catalytic activity is better than other catalysts used. In addition, the synthesized catalyst can be easily separated and reused up to 5 times without any noticeable change in the reaction yield.

Highlights

► Hercynite surface was modified by amino propyl tetramethyl silan (APTS) and proline

► A novel organic/inorganic nanocatalyst, Hercynite@APTS-Proline, was synthesized.

►Structure of nanocatalyst was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM methods.

► Nanocatalyst evaluated for synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,5'-pyrido-pyrimidine] derivatives

► Regioselectivity, stability and reusability are advantages of this catalyst.

Keywords

  • Hercynite,
  • Nanocatalyst,
  • Pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine,
  • [pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidine,
  • Proline,
  • Spiro compound
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