10.5764/pibm.2024.132414

Biomaterial-Based Delivery of Ornithogalum brachystachys Methanolic Extract Enhances Apoptosis in HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells via BAX/BCL2 Modulation

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  • Mahdi Il Saadatmand1,
  • Maryam Khoshsokhan-Mozaffar*1,
  • Farah Farahani1,
  1. Department of Biology, Qo.C. Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

Published in Issue 2024-12-30

Copyright (c) 2024 Mahdi Il Saadatmand, Maryam Khoshsokhan-Mozaffar, Farah Farahani (Author)

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Il Saadatmand, M., Khoshsokhan-Mozaffar, M., & Farahani, F. (2024). Biomaterial-Based Delivery of Ornithogalum brachystachys Methanolic Extract Enhances Apoptosis in HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells via BAX/BCL2 Modulation. Progress in Biomaterials, 13(04). https://doi.org/10.5764/pibm.2024.132414
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Abstract

This study evaluated methanolic and hexanic extracts of Ornithogalum brachystachys C.Koch for anti-cancer effects on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, comparing them to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Cells were treated with extracts (25−200 µg/mL) or 5-FU (5−100 µM) for up to 72 hours. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT, and apoptosis-related gene expression (BAX and BCL2) by qRT-PCR. The methanolic extract showed the strongest cytotoxicity, reducing viability to 44.9% at 100 µg/mL after 72 hours and increasing BAX expression by 1.48-fold, indicating apoptosis. The hexanic extract had moderate cytotoxicity (63.7% viability at 25 µg/mL, 24 hours) with no significant changes in apoptotic gene expression. 5-FU decreased viability to 51.9% at 5 µM after 72 hours and produced stronger apoptotic signaling (BAX +1.75-fold, BCL2 −0.63-fold). Overall, the methanolic extract demonstrates notable, albeit weaker, pro-apoptotic activity via BAX/BCL2 modulation and may serve as a promising, lower-toxicity complementary natural anticancer candidate warranting further phytochemical and in vivo studies.

Keywords

  • BAX,
  • BCL2,
  • Colorectal cancer,
  • Hexanic extract,
  • Methanolic extract,
  • Ornithogalum brachystachys
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