Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Containing Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles for Dental Applications

Abstract

Despite significant advancements in dental composite technologies, effective treatment of oral diseases remains a clinical challenge. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder modified with titanium oxide (TiO2)  nanoparticles, aiming to enhance its physicochemical and biological properties for dental applications. The composite was synthesized via the sol–gel method, and its structural integrity was confirmed through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), indicating successful formation of the HAp phase. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a uniform distribution of TiO2 nanoparticles and strong interfacial bonding within the HAp matrix. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated improved thermal stability in the TiO2-doped HAp compared to pure HAp. Biocompatibility was assessed using the MTT assay on osteoblast cells, showing 82% cell viability, which reflects excellent cytocompatibility. These results suggest that TiO2 incorporation not only enhances the thermal and structural properties of hydroxyapatite but also supports cell proliferation, making it a promising candidate for dental restoration  and broader biomedical applications. The study provides a foundation for future development of bioactive materials tailored for  regenerative dentistry and implantology.