10.1007/s40204-017-0076-8

Nanoparticulated polymeric composites enfolding lithium carbonate as brain drug in persuading depression: an in vivo study

Show Details XML HTML PDF
  • A. Anita Margret*1,
  • V. Violet Dhayabaran1,
  • A. Ganesh Kumar2,
  1. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 017, IN
  2. Laboratory of DNA Bar Coding and Marine Genomics, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, IN
Cover Image

Published in Issue 2017-11-07

How to Cite

Margret, A. A., Dhayabaran, V. V., & Kumar, A. G. (2017). Nanoparticulated polymeric composites enfolding lithium carbonate as brain drug in persuading depression: an in vivo study. Progress in Biomaterials, 6(4 (December 2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40204-017-0076-8
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

Abstract Lithium carbonate is considered an effective drug against mania and acts as a mood stabilizer. It is found that it enhances antidepressants targeting depression, consequently it is prone to have risk factors that leads to adverse effects. The study is devised in confronting depression under nanoscale by preparing nanocomposites which is a matrix of biopolymer chitosan that encapsulates lithium carbonate by ionic gelation method. This facilitates the drug delivery in a regulated manner targeting the therapeutic action with a limited dosage that lessens the side effects in the course of treatment. The drug polymer interaction was validated by XRD studies, whereas the morphology and size characterization by SEM and zetasizer. The average particle size was determined as 193 ± 0.18 nm with a positive zeta potential of 37.9 mV. The in vitro drug release patterns of nanocomposites were comparatively assayed with the standard lithium carbonate which rendered a controlled release in its profile. The in vivo investigation by animal despair studies bestowed a significant difference in the duration of immobility during force swimming and tail suspension tests. These results were substantiated with histopathological examinations of cerebral cortex region which showed mild cellular edema, degenerative changes and lymphocytic infiltration when compared with the control groups. Consequently, the efficacy of nanocomposites encased with lithium carbonate fortifies targeted drug delivery and restrains adverse effects by endorsing it as a lead compound in brain drug developmental research.

Keywords

  • Lithium carbonate,
  • Depression,
  • Chitosan,
  • Nanocomposite,
  • Drug delivery
HTML PDF

References

  1. Bala et al. (2004) PLGA nanoparticles in drug delivery: the state of the art (pp. 387-422) https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v21.i5.20
  2. Beduneau et al. (2007) Active targeting of brain tumours using nanocarriers (pp. 4947-4967) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.06.011
  3. Berscht et al. (1994) Incorporation of basic fibroblast growth factor into methyl pyrrolidinone chitosan fleeces and determination of the in vitro release characteristics (pp. 593-600) https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(94)90209-7
  4. Calvo et al. (1997) Novel hydrophilic chitosan-polyethylene oxide nanoparticles as protein carriers (pp. 125-132) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970103)63:1<125::AID-APP13>3.0.CO;2-4
  5. Christian (2002) Reagents for lithium electrodes and sensors for blood serum analysis (pp. 432-435) https://doi.org/10.3390/s21000432
  6. Clough et al. (2014) Delirium associated with therapeutic levels of lithium in bipolar disorder (pp. 10-12) https://doi.org/10.1002/pnp.323
  7. Cryan et al. (2005) The tail suspension test as a model for assessing antidepressant activity: review of pharmacological and genetic studies in mice (pp. 571-625) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.009
  8. Dikpati et al. (2012) Targeted drug delivery to CNS using nanoparticles (pp. 79-191)
  9. El-Hefian et al. (2010) Preparation and characterization of chitosan/agar blends: rheological and thermal studies (pp. 1212-1219) https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-97072010000100031
  10. Fukumoto et al. (2001) Chronic lithium treatment increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the rat brain (pp. 100-106) https://doi.org/10.1007/s002130100871
  11. Greenwood et al. (1992) Experimental manipulation of the blood–brain and blood–retinal barriers (pp. 459-486) Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76894-1_19
  12. Hardman et al. (2001) (pp. 504-508) McGraw-Hill
  13. Hu et al. (2002) Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-poly (acrylic acid) nanoparticles (pp. 3193-3201) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00071-6
  14. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME); Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) Results by cause 1990–2010.
  15. http://www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org/ghdx
  16. . Accessed 17 Jan 2013
  17. Islam et al. (2011) Preparation of chitosan from shrimp shell and investigation of its properties (pp. 116-130)
  18. Kerins et al. (2000) Drugs used for treatment of myocardial ischemia (pp. 843-870) McGraw-Hill
  19. Leyhe et al. (2009) Increase of BDNF serum concentration in lithium treated patients with early Alzheimer’s disease (pp. 649-656) https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2009-1004
  20. Mu and Feng (2003) PLGA/TPGS nanoparticles for controlled release of paclitaxel: effects of the emulsifier and drug loading ratio (pp. 1864-1872) https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PHAM.0000003387.15428.42
  21. Murray et al. (2013) Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (pp. 2197-2223) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4
  22. Porsolt et al. (1978) Behavioural despair in rats: a new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments (pp. 730-732)
  23. Prabhjot et al. (2014) Brain delivery of intranasal in situ gel of nanoparticulated polymeric carriers containing antidepressant drug: behavioral and biochemical assessment (pp. 1-12)
  24. Qian et al. (2006) Chitosan graft copolymer nanoparticles for oral protein drug delivery: preparation and characterization (pp. 2722-2727) https://doi.org/10.1021/bm060065f
  25. Sadock et al. (2009) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
  26. Smith et al. (2013) Improving lithium therapeutics by crystal engineering of novel ionic cocrystals (pp. 4728-4738) https://doi.org/10.1021/mp400571a
  27. Tsuchiya et al. (1993) Local cerebral glucose utilization following acute and chronic bilateral carotid artery ligation in Wistar rats, Relation to changes in local cerebral blood flow (pp. 1-7) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00229648
  28. Wan et al. (2003) Synthesis, characterization and ionic conductive properties of phosphorylated chitosan membranes (pp. 850-858) https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.200390056
  29. World Health Organization (2013) WHO model list of essential medicines (PDF). Retrieved 22 Apr 2014
  30. Yildiz et al. (2008) Protein kinase C inhibition in the treatment of mania: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tamoxifen (pp. 255-263) https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.43
  31. Zhang et al. (2012) Production of chitin from shrimp shell powders using Serratia marcescens B742 and Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 successive two-step fermentation (pp. 13-20) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2012.09.011
  32. Zhou et al. (2001) Investigation on a novel core-coated microspheres protein delivery system (pp. 27-36) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(01)00379-0