10.1007/s40204-021-00159-2

Fabrication of PCL nanofibrous scaffold with tuned porosity for neural cell culture

  • Fatemeh Zamani*1,
  • Mohammad Amani Tehran2,
  • Atiyeh Abbasi2,
  1. Hazrat-e Masoumeh University, Qom, 3718113394, IR
  2. Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, IR

Published in Issue 2021-07-02

How to Cite

Zamani, F., Amani Tehran, M., & Abbasi, A. (2021). Fabrication of PCL nanofibrous scaffold with tuned porosity for neural cell culture. Progress in Biomaterials, 10(2 (June 2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40204-021-00159-2
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

Abstract In tissue engineering, the structure of nanofibrous scaffolds and optimization of their properties play important role in the enhancement of cell growth and proliferation. Therefore, the basic idea of the current study is to find a proper method for tuning the extent of porosity of the scaffold, study the effect of porosity on the cell growth, and optimize the extent of porosity with the aim of achieving the maximum cell growth. To tune the scaffold’s porosity, four types of metal mesh with different mesh sizes were employed as collectors. For this purpose, the structural properties of polycaprolactone nanofibrous layers which were electrospun on collectors, and the level of neural A-172 cell growth on layers were investigated, and the results were compared with the results attained for the fabricated nanofibrous layer on a flat aluminum collector. It was found that upon changing the porosity of the metal mesh as collector, the fibers’ diameter would be inevitably changed, albeit insignificantly, and following no specific trends. However, changing the mesh size has shown a significant effect on the thickness and porosity of nanofibrous layer. According to the MTT assay results, the optimum neural cell growth was observed for the electrospun nanofibrous scaffold with the porosity of 96% and pore size of (0.42–23 µm) which has been fabricated on the type-4 collector having a mesh size of 10. The fabricated scaffold using this mesh with the optimum extent of porosity (58%) resulted in 44% enhancement in the cell growth as compared with the fabricated layer on the flat collector.

Keywords

  • Electrospun nanofibrous scaffold,
  • Porosity,
  • Structural properties,
  • Neural cell culture

References

  1. McCullen SD, Gittard SD. Miller PR, Pourdeyhimi B, Narayan RJ, Loboa EG (2011) Laser ablation imparts controlled micro-scale pores in electrospun sca_olds for tissue engineering applications. Ann Biomed Eng 39: 3021
  2. Aghajanpoor et al. (2017) The effect of increasing the pore size of nanofibrous scaffolds on the osteogenic cell culture using a combination of sacrificial agent electrospinning and ultrasonication (pp. 1887-1899) https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.36052
  3. Blakeney et al. (2011) Cell infiltration and growth in a low density, uncompressed three-dimensional electrospun nanofibrous scaffold (pp. 1583-1590) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.056
  4. Götze M, Krimig O, Kürbitz T, Henning S, Heilmann A, Hillrichs G (2017) Picosecond laser ablation of polyamide electrospun nanofibers. In Proceedings of the Frontiers in Ultrafast Optics: Biomedical, Scientific, and Industrial Applications XVII. International Society for Optics and Photonics, San Francisco 10094: 100940R.
  5. Haider et al. (2018) Comprehensive review summarizing the effect of electrospinning parameters and potential applications of nanofibers in biomedical and biotechnology (pp. 1165-1188) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.11.015
  6. Ikada Y (2008) Tissue engineering fundamentals and applications. Elsevier/Academic, Netherland, 173-188
  7. Jiang et al. (2015) Expanding two-dimensional electrospun nanofiber membranes in the third dimension by a modified gas-foaming technique (pp. 991-1001) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00238
  8. Kim et al. (2016) Tubing-electrospinning: a one-step process for fabricating fibrous matrices with spatial, chemical, and mechanical gradients (pp. 22721-22731) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b08086
  9. Kwak et al. (2016) Micro/nano multilayered Sca_olds of PLGA and collagen by alternately electrospinning for bone tissue engineering https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-016-1532-4
  10. Lee et al. (2011) Highly porous electrospun nanofibers enhanced by ultrasonication for improved cellular infiltration (pp. 2695-2702) https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0709
  11. Lee et al. (2013) Facile pore structure control of Poly("-caprolactone) nano-fibrous scaffold by salt-dispenser aided electrospinning (pp. 269-275) https://doi.org/10.1166/jnan.2013.1144
  12. Leong et al. (2009) In vitro cell infiltration and in vivo cell infiltration and vascularization in a fibrous, highly porous poly(D, L-lactide) scaffold fabricated by cryogenic electrospinning technique (pp. 231-240) https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32208
  13. Leong et al. (2013) Cryogenic electrospinning: Proposed mechanism, process parameters and its use in engineering of bilayered tissue structures (pp. 555-566) https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm.13.39
  14. McClure et al. (2012) The use of air-flow impedance to control fiber deposition patterns during electrospinning (pp. 771-779) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.011
  15. Park et al. (2018) Role of grounded liquid collectors in precise patterning of electrospun nanofiber mats (pp. 284-290) https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03547
  16. Rnjak-Kovacina and Weiss (2011) Increasing the Pore Size of Electrospun Scaffolds (pp. 365-372) https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0235
  17. Rnjak-Kovacina et al. (2011) Tailoring the porosity and pore size of electrospun synthetic human elastin scaffolds for dermal tissue engineering (pp. 6729-6736) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.065
  18. Sajesh et al. (2016) Sequential layer-by-layer electrospinning of nano SrCO3/PRP loaded PHBV fibrous sca_old for bone tissue engineering (pp. 445-452) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.06.026
  19. Vaquette and Cooper-White (2011) Increasing electrospun scaffold pore size with tailored collectors for improved cell penetration (pp. 2544-2557) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2011.02.036
  20. Voorneveld et al. (2017) Dual electrospinning with sacrificial fibers for engineered porosity and enhancement of tissue ingrowth. J (pp. 1559-1572) https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.33695
  21. Wang et al. (2009) Electrospun nanofiber meshes with tailored architectures and patterns as potential tissue engineering scaffolds (pp. 1-9) https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5082/1/1/015001
  22. Wang et al. (2013) Creation of macropores in electrospun silk fibroin sca_olds using sacrificial PEO-microparticles to enhance cellular infiltration” (pp. 3474-3481) https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34656
  23. Wright et al. (2011) Utilizing NaCl to increase the porosity of electrospun materials (pp. 30-36) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2010.02.001
  24. Yin A, Li J, Bowlin G.L, Li D., Rodriguez I.AWang, J, Wu T, Ei-Hamshary H.A. Al-Deyab S.S, Mo X (2014)Fabrication of cell penetration enhanced poly(l-lactic acid-co-caprolactone)/silk vascular scaffolds utilizing air-impedance electrospinning. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 120: 47–54
  25. Zamani F (2013) Engineering of structural properties of PLGA nanofbrous scaffold for neural cell culture. Ph.D Dissertation, Dept. Text. Eng., Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  26. Zamani et al. (2017) Conductive 3D structure nanofibrous scaffolds for spinal cord regeneration (pp. 1874-1881) https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-7349-7
  27. Zamani et al. (2020) Comparison of structural modifcation and argon plasma treatment of poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) nanofbrous scaffolds for cell culture (pp. 33-40)
  28. Zander et al. (2013) Electrospun polycaprolactone sca_olds with tailored porosity using two approaches for enhanced cellular infiltration (pp. 179-187) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-012-4771-7
  29. Zhao SH, Zhou Q, Long Y, Sun G, Zhang Y (2013) Nanofibrous patterns by direct electrospinning of nanofibers onto topographically structured nonconductive substrates. Royal Soc Chem Nanoscale 4993–5000.
  30. Zhu et al. (2008) Electrospun fibrous mats with high porosity as potential scaffolds for skin tissue engineering (pp. 1795-1801) https://doi.org/10.1021/bm800476u