10.30495/ijc.2023.1992759.2033

Highly Porous Bi(III) Modified Rice Husk Silica Photocatalyst for the Photocatalytic Removal of Cationic Methylene Blue

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  • Normawati Jasni1,
  • Anwar Iqbal*1,
  • N. H. H Abu Bakar1,
  • Dede Heri Yuli Yanto2,
  • Hor Jia Yi1,
  • Noor Haida Mohd Kaus1,
  • Mohd Norazmi Ahmad3,
  • Sri Mulijani4,
  1. School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
  2. Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
  3. Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
  4. Department of Chemistry, Bogor Agriculture University-Bogor-Indonesia, Indonesia
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Published in Issue 2023-09-23

How to Cite

Jasni, N., Iqbal, A., Abu Bakar, N. H. H., Yuli Yanto, D. H., Jia Yi, H., Mohd Kaus, N. H., Ahmad, M. N., & Mulijani, S. (2023). Highly Porous Bi(III) Modified Rice Husk Silica Photocatalyst for the Photocatalytic Removal of Cationic Methylene Blue. Iranian Journal of Catalysis, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.30495/ijc.2023.1992759.2033
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Abstract

A series of bismuth-silicate photocatalysts were synthesized via the sol-gel method for photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under sunlight irradiation, utilizing rice husk ash as a silica precursor. The scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis detected Bi content in 3-10 wt% range. Furthermore, it can be seen that the porosity decreased as the Bi concentration increased. The N2 adsorption-desorption analysis indicates the presence of mesopores with an average diameter of 297-554 à with BrunauerâEmmettâTeller (BET) surface area of 5.6-30.5 m2/g. The photocatalyst with a Bi concentration of 4 wt% (RHSBi-A2) was the most active in the photodegradation of MB; the removal reached 90% within 4 h. The photodegradation is proposed to be driven by superoxide ( ), hydroxyl (â¢OH) radicals, and hole (h+) based on the valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB) potentials. The porous silica framework is proposed to act as an electron reservoir, allowing better MB adsorption and enhancing light absorption.

Keywords

  • Bismuth,
  • Mesoporous silica,
  • Methylene Blue,
  • Photocatalyst,
  • Rice husk,
  • Sunlight
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