Conversion of food waste via two-stage fermentation to controllable chicken Feed Nutrients by local isolated microorganism

Authors

• Charles Wai Chun Ng ^{1, 2}
• Abdul Fattah Ismail ³
• Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar ^{1, 2}
• Muhamad Nabil Fikri Jamaluddin ^{4, 5, 6}
• ^{7, 8, 9, 10}

1. Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology,
2. Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang
3. Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang
4. E-Idaman Sdn. Bhd., Wisma Idaman, No. 163 & 164,Jalan BSG 4
5. Bandar Stargate,Lebuhraya Sultanah Bahiyah,05400 Alor Setar,
6. Kedah.
7. <strong>Purpose </strong>Food waste can be referred to as edible food materials that can create problems to the environment if it is not disposed properly. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to produce chicken feed from food waste via two-stage fermentation.
8. <strong>Methods </strong>Food waste was converted with combination of fungi A (isolated from degraded onion) and yeast B (isolated from local fermented fruit - Durian). Four batches of food waste were obtained from different sources. Food waste was fermented with fungi A and yeast B in bioreactor for 5 days with 80% moisture content. Fermented food waste was then dried in the oven.
9. <strong>Results </strong>Glucose and carbohydrate contents were investigated during fermentation process and it was found that carbohydrate content decreased from 0.1857 g/g before fermentation to 0.1305 g/g after fermentation. Glucose content was found to increase at the first 48 hours and then dropped from 48th hour until the fermentation was done. To get consistent with the results of the last product, the process control elements such as C:N ratio, pH, aeration, agitation, temperature, antiseptic technique and sterilization of food waste were controlled. The standard of the fermented food waste was compared with the standard of chicken feed used in Malaysia. The crude protein content, crude fat content, crude fiber content, total ash content and total energy content of chicken feed met the requirement set by Malaysia standard (MS 20:2008) of chicken feed.
10. <strong>Conclusion </strong>Thus, it is shown that food waste has a massive potential in the production of chicken feed.

Abstract

Purpose Food waste can be referred to as edible food materials that can create problems to the environment if it is not disposed properly. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to produce chicken feed from food waste via two-stage fermentation.
Methods Food waste was converted with combination of fungi A (isolated from degraded onion) and yeast B (isolated from local fermented fruit – Durian). Four batches of food waste were obtained from different sources. Food waste was fermented with fungi A and yeast B in bioreactor for 5 days with 80% moisture content. Fermented food waste was then dried in the oven.
Results Glucose and carbohydrate contents were investigated during fermentation process and it was found that carbohydrate content decreased from 0.1857 g/g before fermentation to 0.1305 g/g after fermentation. Glucose content was found to increase at the first 48 hours and then dropped from 48th hour until the fermentation was done. To get consistent with the results of the last product, the process control elements such as C:N ratio, pH, aeration, agitation, temperature, antiseptic technique and sterilization of food waste were controlled. The standard of the fermented food waste was compared with the standard of chicken feed used in Malaysia. The crude protein content, crude fat content, crude fiber content, total ash content and total energy content of chicken feed met the requirement set by Malaysia standard (MS 20:2008) of chicken feed.
Conclusion Thus, it is shown that food waste has a massive potential in the production of chicken feed.

Keywords

• Fermentation
• Food waste
• Probiotic
• Chicken feed