Assessment of toxic response of Lactuca sativa to compost extracted from agri-food waste

Authors

• Diego Andr´es Zapata-Gonz´alez * ¹
• Juan Manuel Trujillo-Gonz´alez ¹
• Marco Aurelio Torres-Mora ¹
• Daniel Gonz´alez-Santamaria ²
• Raimundo Jim´enez-Ballesta ²

1. Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales de la Orinoquia Colombiana ICAOC, Facultad de Ciencias B´asicas e Ingenier´ıa, Universidad de los Llanos, Campus Barcelona Villavicencio, Colombia.
2. Departamento de Geolog´ıa y Geoqu´ımica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Aut´onoma de Madrid, Spain.

Abstract

Purpose: In this study, we aim to investigate the suitability of five samples of compost extracted at various concentrations
by testing for their phytotoxic response on Lactuca sativa L. We analyze relevant parameters with regards to the quality of
the compost. By doing this, we hope to contribute to the attainability of clean, high-value organic fertilizer from local food
waste production.
Method: We set up a mini composting pilot where raw materials were classified, chopped into bits, and finally mixed. They
include residues of Solanum tuberosum (potatoes), Zea mays (corn), Musa Paradisiaca (bananas), Allium cepa (onions),
Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Daucus carota (carrots), Solanum lycopersicum (tomatoes), as well as fruits such as Passiflora
edulis (passion fruit), Carica papaya (papaya). Composting was run over a period of 90 days. We then measured several
bromatological analyses of compost. For phytotoxicity tests of compost relative seed germination (RSG), relative radicle
growth (RRG) and Germination Index GI on L. sativa were measured.
Results: The prepared compost showed the following parameters: pH (8.6), OM (21.4%), C/N (11.59), EC (7.24 dS/m),
Total N (1.72%), P (325.6 ppm), Al (0.1 cmol.kg−1) K (41 cmol.kg−1), Ca (8.12 cmol.kg−1), Mg (5.62 cmol.kg−1), Na
(0.76 cmol.kg−1). Minor elements appeared in acceptable ranges, and do not pose any risk. Besides, the compost showed a
germination rate of 112.6% on L. sativa, which allowed us to validate its high maturity.
Conclusion: The compost produced stands out for its quality and efficiency, due to its low phytotoxicity, specific mixture
of the materials and the processing method. The mature compost produced represents a valuable material for the acidic and
nutrient-poor soils of the Colombian Piedmont.

Research Highlights

• The generation of agri-food waste is a worldwide problem, especially in Latin America.
• Waste treatment technologies recover valuable materials.
• Composting as a circular economy strategy that contributes to sustainable food security.
• The compost can be highly convenient for its application in acidic and nutrient-poor soils.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

• Wastes bio-fertilizer
• Composting
• Germination index
• Valorization
• Sustainability
• C/N ratio