10.57647/ijes.2027.04881

Geochemical Evidence from Olivine for Mantle Metasomatism and Magma Evolution in Eocene Basalts, North Ardabil, NW Iran

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  • Solmaz Mohammadrezai1,
  • Ahmad Jahangiri*1,
  • Luca Caricchi2,
  • Mohsen Moayyed1,
  1. Department of Earth Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
  2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Received: 2025-06-16

Revised: 2025-09-19

Accepted: 2025-11-20

Published Online: 2026-03-26

Copyright (c) 2026 Solmaz Mohammadrezai, Ahmad Jahangiri, Luca Caricchi, Mohsen Moayyed (Author)

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Mohammadrezai, S., Jahangiri, A., Caricchi, L., & Moayyed, M. (2026). Geochemical Evidence from Olivine for Mantle Metasomatism and Magma Evolution in Eocene Basalts, North Ardabil, NW Iran. Iranian Journal of Earth Sciences. https://doi.org/10.57647/ijes.2027.04881
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Abstract

The Eocene volcanic rocks of north Ardabil, NW Iran, provide valuable insight into the dynamic history of mantle processes and subduction-related magmatism along the Alborz-Azarbaijan magmatic belt. This study combines new petrographic observations, whole-rock geochemistry, and high-precision mineral chemistry, focusing on olivine phenocrysts from pyroxene-phyric basalt, basalt, and trachybasalt. These basalts exhibit porphyritic textures, characterized by a dominant presence of clinopyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase within a fine-grained groundmass. Four distinct olivine types were identified based on size, zoning patterns, and chemical composition, with forsterite (Fo) contents ranging from Fo59 to Fo92. Whole-rock geochemical analyses classify the host rocks as High-K subalkaline, characterized by LILEs and LREEs, along with depletion of HFSEs and HREEs, consistent with formation in a subduction-related arc setting. Elevated concentrations of Ni, Ca, and Mn in olivine phenocrysts and whole-rock compositions suggest a mantle source dominated by re-fertilized peridotite, with contributions from pyroxenite. Moreover, geochemical signatures indicate complex mantle metasomatism involving carbonate- and silicate-rich sediment melts, reflecting heterogeneous metasomatic processes beneath this volcanic field during the Eocene.

Keywords

  • Volcanic rocks,
  • Olivine,
  • Eocene,
  • Metasomatism,
  • North Ardebil,
  • NW Iran
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