Synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives catalyzed by Fe (III)@graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite via one-pot multi-component reaction

Abstract

Fe (III) supported graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite was synthesized by impregnation of FeCl₃ with g- C₃N₄ (Fe (III)@g-C₃N₄)_. Then, the synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives was carried out in the presence of Fe (III) @ graphitic carbon nitride nanocompositevia the multi-component reaction of malononitrile, isatins, and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in green media (ethanol/water (1:1)) under reflux conditions and the corresponding products were prepared in good to excellent yields (70-98 %). Also, the heterogeneous nanocatalyst was characterized by different techniques including the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the nanocomposite is recoverable and reusable several times without a negligible decrease in its catalytic performance.