Determinants of Safety and Health Behaviors of Warm Farmers towards the Use of Chemical Pesticides in Qorveh County

Abstract

The poisoning of farmworkers with pesticides is a common job hazard caused by the application of pesticides, especially in developing countries. Agriculture is directly related to the environment, including water resources, and farming behaviours can entail a plethora of positive or negative effects on these vital resources. So, the present study aimed to explore the safety and health behaviours of wheat farmers towards the use of chemical pesticides in Qorveh County in Kurdistan Province, Iran. The statistical population of this applied research consisted of all irrigated wheat farmers in the 2019–2020 crop year (N = 1700) in Qorveh County. The sample size was determined to be 170 people by Cochran's formula, and the random multistage technique was adopted for data collection. The main research instrument was a questionnaire whose content validity was checked by a panel of experts and the average variance extracted (AVE) index. Also, its reliability was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha and the CumulativeReliability (CR) coefficient. The results of the structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that the variables of the information source, attitude, and knowledge of chemical pesticide application accounted for 79 percent of the variance in the factors affecting the safety and health behaviours of wheat farmers as to the application of these pesticides. Considering the significant relationship that information source, attitude, and knowledge have with safety and health behaviours, it is recommended to hold training courses to familiarize wheat farmers with the hazards of conventional farming practices and the benefits of IPM practices by the organizations in charge, e.g. Agricultural Jihad Organization. This will foster a positive attitude among the farmers to adopt safety and healthy behaviours.