Original Article
Geoheritage Values of the Northeastern Carpathians, Transcarpathia, Ukraine
Authors
-
Sandor Gonczy
*
1
-
Gyula Fodor
1
-
Natalia Olah
1
-
Tibor Nagy
1
-
Zsuzsanna2 Ésik
2, 3
- János Szepesi 3, 4
Abstract
Transcarpathia politically is the westernmost county of Ukraine but geographically is the north–eastern part of the Carpathian–Pannonian Region. The aim of our present work is to provide a brief overview and greater publicity about the geoheritage values of Transcarpathia using 45 documented geosites (stratigraphic, volcanic, geomorphological, mineralogical, tectonic) of the Ukrainian State Geological Survey. Four objects are located in national parks or nature reserves. The other 41 sites are only recommended for protection. The applied classification scheme included thematic (primary and additional interest) and functional categories (e.g. natural outcrops, quarries). The preliminary qualitative site assessment involved the determination of integrity, geological diversity, use limitations, current observation conditions, vulnerability, safety, association with other values parameters. This review is a good methodological starting point for expanding the database and emphasizing the importance of the abiotic nature. Conserving geodiversity requires protection for nationally or regionally important objects what includes active management of sites.
Read the full text of the articleKeywords
References
-Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1133/ . Retrieved10.07.2020
-Brilha J (2016). Inventory and Quantitative Assessment of Geosites and Geodiversity Sites: a Review. Geoheritage. 8:119–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371–014–0139–3
-Brocx M & Semeniuk V (2007). Geoheritage and geoconservation – history, definition, scope and scale —Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 90:53–87
-Digital elevation modell: Shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) 1 arc second https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-shuttle-radar-topography-mission-srtm-1-arc?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects. Retrieved 10.07.2020
-Fuertes–Gutiérrez I & Fernández–Martínez E (2010). Geosites Inventory in the Leon Province (Northwestern Spain): A Tool to Introduce Geoheritage into Regional Environmental Management. Geoheritage. 2:57–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371–010–0012–y
-GlushkoV.V & Kruglov S.S (Eds.)1986: Tectonic map of the Ukrainian Carpathians, 1:200000. Mingeo USSR, 6 sheets.
-Gönczy S, Dobosi G, Kozák M, Papp I, (2014). Geochemical exploration of the igneous formations of Transcarpathia in Pál-Molnár E, Haragi S (eds) Petrological processes from the mantle to the surface. 5th Petrological and Geochemical Assembly Budapest, Hungary pp. 34-37. (in Hungarian)
-Gönczy S (2016). Magmatic complexes of Transcarpathia (Database, ancient geography and case studies). Publication of Ferenc Rákóczi II. Hungarian College of Transcarpathia. pp 1-190 Uzhorod–Beregovo: "RIK–U" publisher (in Hungarian)
- Gönczy S, Kurtyák Á, Tar E, Móga J (2018). Impact of mining activity on Aknaslatina: preliminary results of a monitoring study. In Füleky Gy (ed.) XIV. Publication of the Carpathian Basin Environmental Science Conference (pp 109–114). (in Hungarian)
- Głgała Ł, Vergés J, Saura E, et al (2012) Architecture and orogenic evolution of the northeastern Outer Carpathians from cross-section balancing and forward modeling. Tectonophysics 532–535:223–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.02.014
- Gordon J.E, Barron H.F, Hansom J.D, Thomas M.F (2012). Engaging with geodiversity-why it matters. Proceedings of the Geologists Association 123(1):1-6.
-Gray M (2004) Geodiversity: Valuing and conserving abiotic nature. John Wiley & Sons Ltd
- Hajdú–Moharos J (1997). The Northeastern Carpathians in Karátson D. ed. Pannonian encyclopedia, Land of Hungary pp 371-374. Budapest: Kertek 2000.
- Hnylko O (2013). Olistostromes in the Miocene salt-bearing folded deposits at the front of the Ukrainian Carpathian orogen. Geological Quarterly. 58:381–392. https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1132
- Ivchenko A (2004). The most important geosites of the Ukrainian Carpathians Proceedings of the Conference “Geological heritage concept, conservation and protection policy in Central Europe”Polish Geological Institute Special Papers, 13:149–154.
- Kalinin V. I, Gurskiy D. S, Antakova I. V, Zosimovytch V. Y, Velikanov V. Y, Esypchuk K. Y, Bobrov O. B, Malyuk B. I, Ivchenko A. S, Mudrovska I. V, ed. (2006). Geological Landmarks of Ukraine. Vol. 1. Charpatyan Region and Volyn–Podillya (Volyn, Trans–Carpathian, Ivano–Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne, Ternopil, Khmelnitsky and Hcernivtsi regions). pp 1-318. Kiev: State Geological Survey of Ukraine.
- Karátson D (1996). Rates and factors of stratovolcano degradation in a continental climate: a complex morphometric analysis for nineteen Neogene/Quaternary crater remnants in the Carpathians. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 73:65–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(96)00016-9
- Karátson D (1999). Erosion of primary volcanic depressions in the Inner Carpathian Volcanic Chain. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 114:49-62.
- Karátson D (2007). Aspects of Quaternary relief evolution of Miocene volcanic areas in Hungary: A review. Acta Geologica Hungarica 49:285–309. https://doi.org/10.1556/ageol.49.2006.4.1
- Khrushchov D.P, Bosevska L.P, Kyrpach Yu.V (2016). Overall geological industrial assessment of salt resources in the Carpathian region of Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk University Bulletin. Series: geology, geography. 24(2):137–148. https://doi.org/10.15421/111642
- Kravchuk Y, Zinko Y, Khomyn Y, Shevchuk O (2012). Geopark proposal for volcanic Carpathians”. Visnik Lviv Univ. Series Geography 40(2):30–43 (in Ukrainian)
- Kricsfalusy V (2003). Nature protected areas in Transcarpthia (Ukraine). Geobiocenelogické spisy, svazek 7:23–27.
- Kulcsár L (1943). The volcanoes of Mezőkaszony Tisia 6:1–23. (in Hungarian)
- Kulcsár L (1968). Volcanism along Hungarian–Soviet Union border in the light of the latest Soviet and Hungarian research. Acta Geographica Debrecina 14(7):143–160 (in Hungarian)
- Kurtyák Á, Gönczy S, Tar E (2017). Investigation of karst phenomena by aerial photogrammetric methods in the area of the Aknaszlatina salt karst (Ukraine, Transcarpathia). VIII. Geoinformatics Conference and Exhibition. Debrecen (pp 199-204) (in Hungarian)
-Kuzovenko V.V (ed.) (2001). Geologic Map of pre-Quaternary formations; Transcarpathian series М-34-XXXV (Uzhhorod), L-34-V (Satu Mare). Scale 1:200 000. - West Ukrainian Geology (in Russian)
- Lazarenko E.A (1963). Mineralogy of Transcarpathia. Lvov:Lvov University. (in Russian)
- Legislation of Ukraine: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2456–12#Text . Retrieved 10.07.2020
- Lexa J, Seghedi I, Németh K, Szakács A, Koneĉny V, Pécskay Z, Fülöp A, Kovacs M (2010). Neogene-Quaternary volcanic forms in the Carpathian-Pannonian Region: a review. Central European Journal of Geosciences 2(3):207-270.
- Malejev E. F (1964). Neogene volcanism of Transcarpathia. Nauka publishing, Moscow, pp 1-251 (in Russian)
- Manyuk V (2006). Potential objects for creation of a network national geoparks in Ukraine. ProGEO Symposium B Safeguarding our Geological Heritage (pp 30–32). Kyiv – Kamianets-Podil’sky
- Manyuk V (2016). Study and Preservation of Geosites: a Training Course for Geology Students in the Ukraine. Geoheritage 8:181–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-015-0147-y
- Manyuk V (2020). Hercynian folded structures in the valley of the Mokra Volnovaha River as the basis of a Geological park at the border of the Donbas and the Ukrainian Shield. Journal of Geology Geography Geoecology 29:351–363. https://doi.org/10.15421/112031
- Manyuk V, Bondar O.V, Yaholnyk O.V (2020). Ukraine in the history of the movement for the conservation of geological heritage in Europe. Journal of Geology Geography Geoecology 29:111–134. https://doi.org/10.15421/112011
- Matskiv B.V, Pukach B.D, Kovalyov Yu.V, Vorobkanych V.M (2008). State geological map of Ukraine. Scale 1:200 000. Carpathian Series. Map sheets М-34-ХХІX, (Snina), M-34-XXXV (Uzhgorod), L-34-V (Satu Mare). Explanatory notes. Kiyv:Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine Department of Geology and Subsurface Use
- Molnár J & Gönczy S (2002). Shaping student environmental approach through educational field trips in geography higher education., HUNGEO 6th Meeting of Hungarian Earth Sciences Specialists 2002. augusztus 21-25. Sopron. Abstract F 9 (in Hungarian)
- Móga J, Gönczy S, Berghauer S, Móga K (2019). A resource or a danger? Past, present and future of the salt mines of Solotvyno. GeoMetodika 3(2):5–19. https://doi.org/10.26888/GEOMET.2019.3.2.1
- Móga J, Szabó J, Gönczy S, Lippmann L, Bódai B (2017). Investigation of dynamically changing surface forms of the Solotvyno salt karst by field and GIS methods. Karsztfejlődés 12:139–161. DOI:10.17701/17.139–161 (in Hungarian)
- Nakapelyukh M, Bubniak I, Bubniak A, et al (2018) Cenozoic structural evolution, thermal history, and erosion of the Ukrainian Carpathians fold-thrust belt. Tectonophysics 722:197–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.11.009
- Neches I.M (2016). Geodiversity beyond material evidence: a Geosite Type based interpretation of geological heritage. Proceedings of the Geologists Association 127(1):78-89.
- Pécskay Z, Seghedi I, Downes H, Prychodko M, Mackiv B (2000). Kr–Ar dating of Neogene calc–alkaline volcanic rocks from Transcarpathian Ukraine. Geologica Carpathica 51(2): 83–89.
- Rácz B (2018). The Carpathian 3. Obsidian Archeometriai Műhely 15(3):181–186.
- Poiraud A, Chevalier M, Claeyssen B, et al (2016). From geoheritage inventory to territorial planning tool in the Vercors massif (French Alps): Contribution of statistical and expert cross approaches. Applied Geography 71:69–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.04.012
- Regional Information Center "CARPATHIANS". http://carpaty.net/?p=21252&lang=en
- Reynard E (2005). Geomorphosites et paysages. Geomorphologie relief processus environment. 3:181-188. (in French).
- Richthofen F (1860). Study of the Hungarian–Transylvanian Trachyt Mountains. – Jahrbuch des. Kaiserliches und königliches Geologisches Reichsanstalt. 11:153–278
- Rolfo F, Benna P, Cadoppi P, et al (2015). The Monviso Massif and the Cottian Alps as symbols of the alpine chain and geological heritage in Piemonte, Italy. Geoheritage 7:65–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371–014–0097–9
- Sass E (2017). A Study on Rural Tourism as a Rural Development Breaking Point in the Hungarian Minority Inhabited Areas in Slovakia and Ukraine. In: Szalók C. & Petykó, C. (Eds.) Changes and challenges in tourism : Budapest, pp 167-181.
- Sass E, Berghauer S (Eds.) (2019). Tourism survey of the Hungarian-inhabited areas of Transcarpathia. Research report. pp 1-76. Beregovo: Gáborprint (in Hungarian)
- Schafarzik F (1904). Detailed description of the quarries existing in the territory of the countries of the Hungarian Crown. Budapest: Publication of the Royal Hungarian Geological Institute.
- Schmid S.M, Bernoulli D, Fügebschuh B, Matemco L, Schefer S, Schuster R, Tischler M, Ustaszewsky K (2008). The Alpine–Carpathian–Dinaridic orogenic system: correlation and evolution of tectonic units Swiss Journal of Geosciences. 101:139–183
- Shlapinskyi V (2018). Pokuttia deep fault and its influence on tectonics and the oil– and gas–bearing of the south–eastern segment of the Carpathians Geodynamics. 2:49–64
- Seghedi I, Downes H, Pécskay Z, Thirlwall, M. F, Szakacs A, Prychodko M, Mattey D (2001). Magmagenesis in a subduction–related post collisional volcanic arc segment The Ukrainian Carpathians. Lithos. 57:237–262
-Sergey V, Skakun L (2000). Bismuth minerals of the Beregovo. Geological Quarterly 44:39–46
-Ślączka A, Krugłov S, Golonka J, et al (2007). Geology and Hydrocarbon Resources of the Outer Carpathians, Poland, Slovakia, and Ukraine: General Geology. In The Carpathians and Their Foreland: Geology and Hydrocarbon Researces: AAPG Memoir 84. ( pp. 221–258). The American Association of Petroleum Geologists https://doi.org/10.1306/985610m843070
-Štrba L, Kolackovská J, Kudelas D, et al (2020). Geoheritage and geotourism contribution to tourism development in protected areas of Slovakia-theoretical considerations. Sustainability. 12(7):2979 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072979
Szepesi J, Harangi S, Ésik Z, et al (2017). Volcanic geoheritage and geotourism perspectives in Hungary: a case of an UNESCO World Heritage Site, Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape, Hungary. Geoheritage. 9:329–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371–016–0205–0
- Taha YT, Ezzoura E, Nasser E, et al (2019). From geoheritage inventory to geoeducation and geotourism implications: Insight from Jbel Amsittene (Essaouira province, Morocco). Journal of African Earth Sciences. 161:103656. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103656
- Titov E.M, Mackiv B.V, Titova V.I, Belikh T. I (1979). Geological map of Transcarpathia Scale 1:200 000. Transcarpathian Geological Expedition. (in Russian).
- Vityk MO, Krouse HR, Skakun L (1994). Fluid evolution and mineral formation in the Beregovo Gold-Base metal deposit, Transcarpathia, Ukraine. Economic Geology 89:547–565
- Vujičić M.D, Vasiljevic DJ, A, Markovic SB, Hose T,A, Lukic T, Hadzic O., Janicevic S (2011). Slankamen Villages Preliminary Geosite Assessment Model (GAM) and its Application on Fruska Gora Mountain, Potential Geotourism Destination of Serbia. Acta Geographica Slovenica, 51(2):361–377. https://doi.org/10.3986/ags51303
-Zangmo G.T, Kagou A.D, Nkouathio D.G, et al. (2017). The volcanic geoheritage of the Mount Bamenda Calderas (Cameroon Line): Assessment for geotouristic and geoeducational purposes. Geoheritage 9(3):255–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-016-0177-0
- UNEP–WCMC (2020). Protected area profile for Ukraine from the World Database of Protected Areas, June 2020. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net Retrieved 10.07.2020
Additional Information
Geoconservation Research (Geoconserv. Res.)
Volume 3 (2020)
Issue 2, November 2020
Page Numbers: 32-48
Article views: 26
Share: