A review of power control methods for load balancing for microgrids with uncontrollable renewable energy sources

Abstract

This paper addresses the growing energy demand by exploring the realm of microgrids (MGs) and their crucial role in modernizing the conventional grid (CG). As energy needs continue to escalate, the CG has integrated advanced communication technologies, including sensors, demand response, energy storage systems, and electric vehicle integration. MGs have emerged as a viable solution to ensure local energy stability and reliability within low or medium voltage distribution systems. They achieve this by efficiently managing power exchanges between the primary grid, locally distributed generators (DGs), and consumers. This article provides an overview of microgrids, explaining their operational principles and examining various energy management methodologies. At the core of microgrid control strategies lies the energy management system (EMS), which orchestrates the interaction between different energy resources (CG, DG, ESS, and EVs) and loads, ultimately enhancing utility profitability. The paper systematically categorizes EMS design methodologies based on their structural attributes, control mechanisms, and underlying techniques.