10.57647/jsm.2026.1801.03

Vibration Analysis of a Sandwich Microbeam with Functionally Graded Porous Core and CNT Face Sheets, Considering Surface Effects

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  • Arezo Havazadeh,
  • Ali Ghorbanpour Arani*,
  • Hamed Khani Arani1,
  1. K.N.Toosi University of Technology

Received: 2026-02-09

Revised: 2026-03-12

Accepted: 2026-03-20

Published in Issue 2026-03-31

Copyright (c) 2026 Arezo Havazadeh, Ali Ghorbanpour Arani, Hamed Khani Arani (Author)

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Havazadeh, A., Ghorbanpour Arani, A., & Khani Arani, H. (2026). Vibration Analysis of a Sandwich Microbeam with Functionally Graded Porous Core and CNT Face Sheets, Considering Surface Effects. Journal of Solid Mechanics, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.57647/jsm.2026.1801.03
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Abstract

In this research, the vibration behavior of a sandwich microbeam with a graded porous core and carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced surfaces resting on a Visco-Pasternak foundation and taking surface effects into account is investigated. Moreover, to achieve accurate results, surface phenomena such as surface elasticity and residual stresses are incorporated by using the Mori-Tanaka homogenization method and Gurtin-Murdoch model, while the porous core's properties are characterized by a symmetric porosity distribution model. The governing equations are derived based on the third-order shear deformation theory (Reddy beam theory) and Hamilton’s principle. These equations are solved using the generalized differential quadrature method, accompanied by a detailed numerical study employing the modified couple stress theory (MCST). A parametric study is presented to investigate the impact of various characteristics, including the geometric properties porosity and distribution pattern of pores, mass fraction, type and distribution pattern of CNTs, length scale parameter, foundation parameters, and boundary conditions. Results reveal that increasing both the core porosity ratio and mass fraction of CNTs leads to an increase in the microbeam's natural frequencies and damping. The presented results can be used in the optimal design and analysis of the lightweight and robust structures in aerospace and advanced engineering applications.

Keywords

  • Vibration,
  • Sandwich micro beam,
  • Porous,
  • Carbon nanotube,
  • Surface effect
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