Metal–polymer-coordinated complexes as potential nanovehicles for drug delivery
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IR
Published in Issue 25-07-2021
How to Cite
Tabasi, H., Babaei, M., Abnous, K., Taghdisi, S. M., Saljooghi, A. S., Ramezani, M., & Alibolandi, M. (2021). Metal–polymer-coordinated complexes as potential nanovehicles for drug delivery. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 11(4 (December 2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-021-00432-7
Abstract
Abstract Hybrid metal–polymer-coordinated complex, as a class of supramolecular coordinated complex, represents a great opportunity for the development of the multipurpose intelligent system of nanomedicine in drug delivery. These structures and their interesting functions are created after the self-assembly process and coordination bond formation between different metal ions and polymers. There is an important difference between metal–organic framework (MOF) and metal–polymer-coordinated complex (MPC). MPCs are convergent structures made of metal and polymeric linkers’ combination in 1D, 2D and 3D architectures while MOFs are divergent 3D network structures with metal cores and organic ligands linkers. Until now, many reviews have been published about MOF-based systems while there is no comprehensive review on MPCs. Moreover, the MPCs have exhibited potential nano-chemistry properties to be utilized in nanomedicine applications as smart and multifunction nanovesicles for drug delivery. In this review, the MPC architectures, their synthesis process and their applications in drug delivery are described. The advantages and disadvantages of MPC are summarized. We also categorized smart MPCs for on-demand drug release and intelligent delivery. Graphic abstractKeywords
- Nanomedicine,
- Drug delivery,
- Metal–polymer-coordinated complex,
- Self-assembly,
- Metallic organic framework
References
- Wei (2020) Metals in polymers: hybridization enables new functions 8(45) (pp. 15956-15980)
- Clarke (2003) Ruthenium metallopharmaceuticals 236(1–2) (pp. 209-233) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-8545(02)00312-0
- Zhang et al. (2021) Protection of magnesium alloys: from physical barrier coating to smart self-healing coating https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157010
- Callari (2014) Polymers with platinum drugs and other macromolecular metal complexes for cancer treatment 39(9) (pp. 1614-1643) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.05.002
- Cai (2020) A nanostrategy for efficient imaging-guided antitumor therapy through a stimuli-responsive branched polymeric prodrug 7(6) https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201903243
- Batten (2012) Coordination polymers, metal–organic frameworks and the need for terminology guidelines 14(9) https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ce06488j
- Biradha et al. (2009) Coordination polymers versus metal−organic frameworks 9(7) (pp. 2969-2970) https://doi.org/10.1021/cg801381p
- Casini et al. (2017) The promise of self-assembled 3D supramolecular coordination complexes for biomedical applications 56(24) (pp. 14715-14729) https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02599
- Tu (2020) Self-recognizing and stimulus-responsive carrier-free metal-coordinated nanotheranostics for magnetic resonance/photoacoustic/fluorescence imaging-guided synergistic photo-chemotherapy 8(26) (pp. 5667-5681) https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TB00850H
- Zhou (2015) Supramolecular self-assembly of nucleotide–metal coordination complexes: from simple molecules to nanomaterials (pp. 107-143) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2015.02.007
- Thakur (2018) Multifunctional inosine monophosphate coordinated metal-organic hydrogel: multistimuli responsiveness, self-healing properties, and separation of water from organic solvents 6(7) (pp. 8659-8671) https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b00963
- Ezzayani (2021) Building-up novel coordination polymer with magnesium porphyrin: Synthesis, molecular structure, photophysical properties and spectroscopic characterization. Potential application as antibacterial agent https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2020.119960
- Wang (2017) Organelle-specific triggered release of immunostimulatory oligonucleotides from intrinsically coordinated DNA–metal–organic frameworks with soluble exoskeleton 139(44) (pp. 15784-15791) https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b07895
- Jańczewski (2012) Organometallic polymeric carriers for redox triggered release of molecular payloads 22(13) https://doi.org/10.1039/c2jm15755a
- Duangjai (2014) Combination cytotoxicity of backbone degradable HPMA copolymer gemcitabine and platinum conjugates toward human ovarian carcinoma cells 87(1) (pp. 187-196) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.11.008
- Cai (2021) Cathepsin B-responsive and gadolinium-labeled branched glycopolymer-PTX conjugate-derived nanotheranostics for cancer treatment 11(2) (pp. 544-559) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2020.07.023
- Anderegg (2005) Critical evaluation of stability constants of metal complexes of complexones for biomedical and environmental applications* (IUPAC Technical Report) 77(8) (pp. 1445-1495) https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200577081445
- Wang (2018) Acid-triggered synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy systems based on metal-coordinated supramolecular interaction 106(11) (pp. 2955-2962) https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.36484
- Ezzayani (2017) Complex of hexamethylenetetramine with magnesium-tetraphenylporphyrin: synthesis, structure, spectroscopic characterizations and electrochemical properties (pp. 412-418) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.02.054
- Matsuoka and Nabeshima (2018) Functional supramolecular architectures of dipyrrin complexes https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00349
- MacLachlan (2000) Shaped ceramics with tunable magnetic properties from metal-containing polymers 287(5457) (pp. 1460-1463) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5457.1460
- Driva (2020) Complexes of end-functionalized polystyrenes carrying amine end-group with transition metals: association effects in organic solvents 10(1) (pp. 4764-4773)
- Liu (2017) Light-controlled drug release from singlet-oxygen sensitive nanoscale coordination polymers enabling cancer combination therapy (pp. 40-48) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.007
- Li (2021) Five lead(II) coordinated polymers assembled from asymmetric azoles carboxylate ligands: Synthesis, structures and fluorescence properties https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2020.120035
- Solorzano (2018) Versatile iron-catechol-based nanoscale coordination polymers with antiretroviral ligand functionalization and their use as efficient carriers in HIV/AIDS therapy 7(1) (pp. 178-186) https://doi.org/10.1039/C8BM01221K
- Yan (2010) Redox responsive molecular assemblies based on metallic coordination polymers 6(14) https://doi.org/10.1039/b927331j
- Ovsyannikov (2017) Coordination polymers based on calixarene derivatives: structures and properties (pp. 151-186) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.004
- Cook, T.R., Stang, P.J.: Coordination-driven supramolecular macromolecules via the directional bonding approach, In Hierarchical macromolecular structures: 60 years after the Staudinger Nobel Prize I. Advances in Polymer Science, vol. 261, pp. 229–248. Springer, Cham (2013)
- Lewis (2012) Stimuli-responsive Pd2L4metallosupramolecular cages: towards targeted cisplatin drug delivery 3(3) (pp. 778-784) https://doi.org/10.1039/C2SC00899H
- Yoshizawa et al. (2006) Diels-alder in aqueous molecular hosts: unusual regioselectivity and efficient catalysis 312(5771) (pp. 251-254) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1124985
- Bunzen (2012) Self-assembly of M24L48 polyhedra based on empirical prediction 51(13) (pp. 3161-3163) https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201108731
- Han (2017) Bioconjugation strategies to couple supramolecular exo-functionalized palladium cages to peptides for biomedical applications 53(8) (pp. 1405-1408) https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC08937B
- Lee et al. (2018) Stimuli-responsive supramolecular gels constructed by hierarchical self-assembly based on metal-ligand coordination and host–guest recognition 39(22) https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201800465
- Datta et al. (2018) Hierarchical assemblies of supramolecular coordination complexes 51(9) (pp. 2047-2063) https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00233
- Wei (2020) Metals in polymers: hybridization enables new functions 8(45) (pp. 15956-15980) https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC03810E
- Mbaba et al. (2020) Recent advances in the biological investigation of organometallic platinum-group metal (Ir, Ru, Rh, Os, Pd, Pt) complexes as antimalarial agents 25(22) https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225276
- Amiri (2018) Synthesis, molecular structure, photophysical properties and spectroscopic characterization of new 1D-magnesium(II) porphyrin-based coordination polymer 44(9) (pp. 5583-5595) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-018-3442-9
- Li (2019) Twelve cadmium(II) coordination frameworks with asymmetric pyridinyl triazole carboxylate: syntheses, structures, and fluorescence properties 19(7) (pp. 3785-3806) https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00241
- Pitto-Barry (2011) Encapsulation of pyrene-functionalized poly(benzyl ether) dendrons into a water-soluble organometallic cage 6(6) (pp. 1595-1603) https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201100136
- Mao (2020) A zipped-up tunable metal coordinated cationic polymer for nanomedicine 8(7) (pp. 1350-1358) https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TB02965F
- Qi (2017) Cationic Salecan-based hydrogels for release of 5-fluorouracil 7(24) (pp. 14337-14347) https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA01052D
- Qi (2016) Development of novel hydrogels based on Salecan and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) for controlled doxorubicin release 6(74) (pp. 69869-69881) https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA10716H
- Wei (2016) Smart macroporous salecan/poly(N, N-diethylacrylamide) semi-IPN hydrogel for anti-inflammatory drug delivery 2(8) (pp. 1386-1394) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00318
- Su (2020) Facile fabrication of functional hydrogels consisting of pullulan and polydopamine fibers for drug delivery (pp. 366-374) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.283
- Yan (2020) A multifunctional metal-biopolymer coordinated double network hydrogel combined with multi-stimulus responsiveness, self-healing, shape memory and antibacterial properties 8(11) (pp. 3193-3201) https://doi.org/10.1039/D0BM00425A
- Kniazeva (2020) Nuclearity control in calix[4]arene-based zinc(ii) coordination complexes 22(44) (pp. 7693-7703) https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CE01232G
- Dutta (2020) Oxalato bridged coordination polymer of manganese(iii) involving unconventional O⋯π-hole(nitrile) and antiparallel nitrile⋯nitrile contacts: antiproliferative evaluation and theoretical studies 44(46) (pp. 20021-20038) https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NJ03712E
- Amiri (2017) Synthesis, crystal structure and spectroscopic characterizations of porphyrin-based Mg(II) complexes—potential application as antibacterial agent 73(50) (pp. 7011-7016) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.029
- Li (2020) Lanthanide-based hydrogels with adjustable luminescent properties synthesized by thiol-Michael addition https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.108091
- Weng et al. (2018) Dynamic coordination of Eu–Iminodiacetate to control fluorochromic response of polymer hydrogels to multistimuli 30(11) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201706526
- Ma (2016) Synthesis, characterization, and magnetic properties of two transition metal coordination polymers based on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and N-donor ligands 26(5) (pp. 1053-1060) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-016-0429-0
- Dawn (2012) A trinuclear silver coordination polymer from a bipyridine bis-urea macrocyclic ligand and silver triflate (pp. 88-92) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2011.09.045
- Dulcevscaia (2013) New copper(II) complexes with isoconazole: Synthesis, structures and biological properties (pp. 106-114) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2012.10.040
- Lopez and Liu (2013) Light-activated metal-coordinated supramolecular complexes with charge-directed self-assembly 117(7) (pp. 3653-3661) https://doi.org/10.1021/jp3121403
- Đurić (2020) New polynuclear 1,5-naphthyridine-silver(I) complexes as potential antimicrobial agents: the key role of the nature of donor coordinated to the metal center https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110872
- Hu (2017) Dual-physical cross-linked tough and photoluminescent hydrogels with good biocompatibility and antibacterial activity 38(10) https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201600788
- Cook et al. (2013) Metal-organic frameworks and self-assembled supramolecular coordination complexes: comparing and contrasting the design, synthesis, and functionality of metal-organic materials 113(1) (pp. 734-777) https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3002824
- Wang (2018) A facile strategy for self-healing polyurethanes containing multiple metal–ligand bonds 39(6) https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201700678
- Wei (2020) Adaptable Eu-containing polymeric films with dynamic control of mechanical properties in response to moisture 16(9) (pp. 2276-2284) https://doi.org/10.1039/C9SM02440A
- Liu (2018) C-coordinated O-carboxymethyl chitosan metal complexes: Synthesis, characterization and antifungal efficacy (pp. 68-77) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.176
- Nie (2007) Self-assembly of metal-polymer analogues of amphiphilic triblock copolymers 6(8) (pp. 609-614) https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1954
- Gao et al. (2013) Plasmonic nanocomposites: Polymer-guided strategies for assembling metal nanoparticles 5(13) (pp. 5677-5691) https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr01091k
- Tandon (2020) Self-assembly of antiferromagnetically-coupled copper(II) supramolecular architectures with diverse structural complexities 25(23) https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235549
- Carnes et al. (2014) Transmetalation of self-assembled, supramolecular complexes 43(6) (pp. 1825-1834) https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CS60349K
- Abolmaali (2016) Chemically crosslinked nanogels of PEGylated poly ethyleneimine (l-histidine substituted) synthesized via metal ion coordinated self-assembly for delivery of methotrexate: Cytocompatibility, cellular delivery and antitumor activity in resistant cells (pp. 897-907) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.045
- Li and Li (2018) A luminescent porous metal–organic framework with Lewis basic pyridyl sites as a fluorescent chemosensor for TNP detection (pp. 51-54) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2018.01.013
- Zhang (2018) A multifunctional ternary Cu(II)-carboxylate coordination polymeric nanocomplex for cancer thermochemotherapy 549(1–2) (pp. 1-12)
- Cao (2012) Coordination-responsive selenium-containing polymer micelles for controlled drug release 3(12) https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sc21315j
- Beck and Rowan (2003) Multistimuli, multiresponsive metallo-supramolecular polymers 125(46) (pp. 13922-13923) https://doi.org/10.1021/ja038521k
- Hoke (1989) In vivo and in vitro cardiotoxicity of a gold-containing antineoplastic drug candidate in the rabbit 100(2) (pp. 293-306) https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(89)90315-3
- Tiekink (2002) Gold derivatives for the treatment of cancer 42(3) (pp. 225-248) https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-8428(01)00216-5
- To (2009) Gold(III) porphyrin complex is more potent than cisplatin in inhibiting growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo 124(8) (pp. 1971-1979) https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24130
- Zava (2010) Evidence for drug release from a metalla-cage delivery vector following cellular internalisation 16(5) (pp. 1428-1431) https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200903216
- Barry (2011) Excellent correlation between drug release and portal size in metalla-cage drug-delivery systems 17(35) (pp. 9669-9677)
- Mattsson (2010) Drug delivery of lipophilic pyrenyl derivatives by encapsulation in a water soluble metalla-cage 39(35) (pp. 8248-8255) https://doi.org/10.1039/c0dt00436g
- Zheng (2015) Encapsulation of Pt(IV) prodrugs within a Pt(II) cage for drug delivery 6(2) (pp. 1189-1193) https://doi.org/10.1039/C4SC01892C
- Schmidt (2016) Evaluation of new palladium cages as potential delivery systems for the anticancer drug cisplatin 22(7) (pp. 2253-2256) https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201504930
- Postupalenko (2015) Protein delivery system containing a nickel-immobilized polymer for multimerization of affinity-purified his-tagged proteins enhances cytosolic transfer 54(36) (pp. 10583-10586) https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201505437
- Fujita (2012) Protein encapsulation within synthetic molecular hosts https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2093
- Wang (2020) Facile fabrication of a controlled polymer brush-type functional nanoprobe for highly sensitive determination of alpha fetoprotein 12(36) (pp. 4438-4446) https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01151G
- Wang (2016) Synthesis of PGMA/AuNPs amplification platform for the facile detection of tumor markers (pp. 534-541) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.09.012
- Kumar (2008) DNA binding and biological studies of some novel water-soluble polymer-copper(II)-phenanthroline complexes 43(10) (pp. 2082-2091) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.09.017
- Badea et al. (2020) Improvement in the pharmacological profile of copper biological active complexes by their incorporation into organic or inorganic matrix 25(24) https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245830
- Lum (2013) A gold(III) porphyrin complex as an anti-cancer candidate to inhibit growth of cancer-stem cells 49(39) (pp. 4364-4366) https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CC37366A
- Zhang (2012) Organogold(III) supramolecular polymers for anticancer treatment 51(20) (pp. 4882-4886) https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201108466
- Zhang (2017) A surface-grafted ligand functionalization strategy for coordinate binding of doxorubicin at surface of PEGylated mesoporous silica nanoparticles: toward pH-responsive drug delivery (pp. 138-145) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.018
- Shahin et al. (2014) Polymeric micelles for pH-responsive delivery of cisplatin 22(7) (pp. 629-637) https://doi.org/10.3109/1061186X.2014.921925
- Song (2016) Temperature responsive polymer brushes grafted from graphene oxide: an efficient fluorescent sensing platform for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol 4(29) (pp. 7083-7092) https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TC00898D
- Ren (2020) A metal-polyphenol-coordinated nanomedicine for synergistic cascade cancer chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy 32(6) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906024
- Ruan (2019) Doxorubicin-metal coordinated micellar nanoparticles for intracellular codelivery and chemo/chemodynamic therapy in vitro 2(11) (pp. 4703-4707) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.9b00879
- Hwang (2014) pH-responsive robust polymer micelles with metal–ligand coordinated core cross-links 50(33) (pp. 4351-4353) https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cc01584c
- Zhao (2011) Surface functionalization of porous coordination nanocages via click chemistry and their application in drug delivery 23(1) (pp. 90-93) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201003012
- Sun and Che (2009) The anti-cancer properties of gold(III) compounds with dianionic porphyrin and tetradentate ligands 253(11–12) (pp. 1682-1691) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2009.02.017
- Che (2003) Gold(iii) porphyrins as a new class of anticancer drugs: cytotoxicity, DNA binding and induction of apoptosis in human cervix epitheloid cancer https://doi.org/10.1039/b303294a
- Sun (2010) Stable anticancer gold(III)-porphyrin complexes: effects of porphyrin structure 16(10) (pp. 3097-3113) https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200902741
- Chow (2010) A gold(III) porphyrin complex with antitumor properties targets the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway 70(1) (pp. 329-337) https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3324
- Tabasi (2021) pH-responsive and CD44-targeting by Fe3O4/MSNs-NH2 nanocarriers for Oxaliplatin loading and colon cancer treatment https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108430
- Pan (2014) PEGylated dendritic diaminocyclohexyl-platinum (II) conjugates as pH-responsive drug delivery vehicles with enhanced tumor accumulation and antitumor efficacy 35(38) (pp. 10080-10092) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.09.006
- Fricker (2007) Metal based drugs: from serendipity to design (pp. 4903-4917) https://doi.org/10.1039/b705551j
- Xu (2019) Photo-controlled release of metal ions using triazoline-containing amphiphilic copolymers 10(26) (pp. 3585-3596) https://doi.org/10.1039/C9PY00406H
- Ding (2006) Synthesis and characterization of temperature-responsive copolymer of PELGA modified poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) 47(5) (pp. 1575-1583) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.12.018
- Parikh (2011) Evaluating glutamate and aspartate binding mechanisms to rutile (α-TiO2) via ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations 27(5) (pp. 1778-1787) https://doi.org/10.1021/la103826p
- Balamurugan et al. (2013) π-Conjugated polymer–Eu3+complexes: versatile luminescent molecular probes for temperature sensing 1(6) (pp. 2256-2266) https://doi.org/10.1039/C2TA00472K
- Ding et al. (2015) Enzyme-responsive polymer assemblies constructed through covalent synthesis and supramolecular strategy 51(6) (pp. 996-1003) https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC05878J
- Chandrawati (2016) Enzyme-responsive polymer hydrogels for therapeutic delivery 241(9) (pp. 972-979) https://doi.org/10.1177/1535370216647186
- Nivorozhkin (2001) Enzyme-activated Gd(3+) magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents with a prominent receptor-induced magnetization enhancement 40(15) (pp. 2903-2906) https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010803)40:15<2903::AID-ANIE2903>3.0.CO;2-N
- Garcia (2016) Multi-responsive coordination polymers utilising metal-stabilised, dynamic covalent imine bonds 52(58) (pp. 9059-9062) https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC00500D
- Guan (2019) Enzyme-responsive sulfatocyclodextrin/prodrug supramolecular assembly for controlled release of anti-cancer drug chlorambucil 55(7) (pp. 953-956) https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CC09047E
- Villemin (2019) Polymer encapsulation of ruthenium complexes for biological and medicinal applications 3(4) (pp. 261-282) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-019-0088-0
- Feng (2011) Structurally sophisticated octahedral metal complexes as highly selective protein kinase inhibitors 133(15) (pp. 5976-5986) https://doi.org/10.1021/ja1112996
- Courtois (2020) Redox-responsive colloidal particles based on coordination polymers incorporating viologen units 59(9) (pp. 6100-6109) https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00161
- Tao and Yin (2020) Redox-responsive coordination polymers of dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid with copper and 6-mercaptopurine for targeted drug delivery and improvement of anticancer activity against cancer cells 12(5) https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12051132
- Abdul-Hassan (2018) Redox-triggered folding of self-assembled coordination polymers incorporating viologen units 24(49) (pp. 12961-12969) https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201802088
- Shen (2017) Renal-clearable ultrasmall coordination polymer nanodots for chelator-free (64)Cu-labeling and imaging-guided enhanced radiotherapy of cancer 11(9) (pp. 9103-9111) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b03857
10.1007/s40097-021-00432-7