10.1007/s40097-020-00349-7

Desulfurization of gas condensate under visible light using synthesized photocatalysts of Mn/TiO2/MWCNTs and Ni/TiO2/MWCNTs

  • Ilnaz Raeisi1,
  • Pirouz Derakhshi*1,
  • Parviz Aberoomsand Azar2,
  • Mohammad Saber Tehrani2,
  1. Faculty of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University Tehran North Branch, Tehran, IR
  2. Science and Research Branch, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR

Published in Issue 21-11-2020

How to Cite

Raeisi, I., Derakhshi, P., Aberoomsand Azar, P., & Saber Tehrani, M. (2020). Desulfurization of gas condensate under visible light using synthesized photocatalysts of Mn/TiO2/MWCNTs and Ni/TiO2/MWCNTs. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 11(1 (March 2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-020-00349-7
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

Abstract In this study, Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni) doped on titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) were loaded on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs). These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer/Mapping (EDS/Map), Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET)/Barrett, Joyner, Halenda (BJH) and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) methods. A batch reactor was designed and photoactivity of these materials prepared under visible light irradiation was tested using dibenzothiophene (DBT). The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was used to evaluate parameters including catalyst mass (g), time (h) and dopant percentage (wt%). The best point for maximum degradation efficiency was obtained under optimum conditions for Mn/TiO 2 /MWCNTs and Ni/TiO 2 /MWCNTs catalyst masses of 0.25 and 0.22 (g), time of 5.30 and 4.56 (h), and dopant percentage of 4.22 and 7.82 (wt%) with an efficiency of 92.82 and 98.26%, respectively. Under optimal conditions for the degradation of DBT sulfur, was investigated desulfurization of gas condensate. The highest desulfurization efficiency was obtained by Ni/TiO 2 /MWCNTs catalyst at 89.11%. The results of kinetic studies show that the Blanchard model has the best agreement with the experimental data. Graphic abstract

Keywords

  • Mn/TiO2/MWCNTs,
  • Ni/TiO2/MWCNTs,
  • Desulfurization,
  • DBT,
  • Visible light,
  • RSM

References

  1. Wang et al. (2018) Ultrasound-assisted oil removal of γ-Al2O3-based spent hydrodesulfurization catalyst and microwave roasting recovery of metal Mo (pp. 24-32) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.05.023
  2. Lei et al. (2019) Preparation of soybean oil factory sludge catalyst by plasma and the kinetics of selective catalytic oxidation denitrification reaction (pp. 317-323) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.182
  3. Elmi Fard et al. (2019) Oxidation of carbazole by shape-controllable Cu2O on MWW catalysis https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2918-9
  4. Elmi Fard et al. (2019) Morphology-controlled synthesis of CuO, CuO Rod/MWW composite for advanced oxidation of indole and benzothiophene (pp. 9529-9539)
  5. Yue et al. (2018) Oxidation desulfurization of fuels by using amphiphilic hierarchically meso/macroporous phosphotungstic acid/SiO2 catalysts (pp. 1100-1110) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-018-2317-4
  6. Gao et al. (2018) Oxidative desulfurization of model fuel in the presence of molecular oxygen over polyoxometalate based catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes (pp. 261-270) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.034
  7. Wang et al. (2016) Corrosion protection performance of nano-SiO2/epoxy composite coatings in acidic desulfurized flue gas condensates (pp. 3880-3889) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2212-3
  8. Li and Zou (2018) Deep desulfurization of gasoline by synergistic effect of functionalized β-CD-TiO2-Ag nanoparticles with ionic liquid (pp. 141-149) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.083
  9. Mostafa et al. (2019) Novel Calcium Carbonate-titania nanocomposites for enhanced sun light photo catalytic desulfurization process https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109462
  10. Choia et al. (2004) Impact of removal extent of nitrogen species in gas oil on its HDS performance: an efficient approach to its ultra deep desulfurization (pp. 9-16) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2003.10.011
  11. Wang et al. (2016) Synthesis and characterization of CeO2/TiO2 nanotube arrays and enhanced photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization performance (pp. 363-371) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.11.148
  12. Wang et al. (2015) Effect of promoters on the HDS activity of alumina-supported Co–Mo sulfide catalysts (pp. 99706-99711) https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA17414G
  13. Maria et al. (2016) Photocatalytic activity of binary metal oxide nanocomposites of CeO2/CdO nanospheres: Investigation of optical and antimicrobial activity (pp. 77-86) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.013
  14. Mahdiani et al. (2018) Grafting of CuFe12O19 nanoparticles on CNT and graphene: eco-friendly synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity (pp. 1185-1197) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.177
  15. Czech and Bud (2015) Photocatalytic treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater using new multiwall-carbon nanotubes/TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposites (pp. 176-184) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.006
  16. Dette et al. (2014) TiO2 anatase with a bandgap in the visible region (pp. 6533-6818) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl503131s
  17. Cheng et al. (2016) Band gap manipulation of cerium doping TiO2 nanopowders by hydrothermal method (pp. 179-184) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.12.034
  18. Jia et al. (2018) Facile synthesis and characterization of N-doped TiO2/C nanocomposites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance (pp. 438-447) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.07.024
  19. McManamon et al. (2015) A facile route to synthesis of S-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic activity (pp. 51-57) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2015.05.002
  20. Elmi Fard and Fazaeli (2018) Experimental design study of RB 255 photocatalytic degradation under visible light using synthetic Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles: optimization of experimental conditions 8(2) (pp. 133-141)
  21. Elmi Fard and Fazaeli (2018) Optimization of operating parameters in photocatalytic activity of visible light active Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles (pp. 2835-2846) https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036024418130071
  22. Kashi et al. (2017) Empirical modeling and CCD-based RSM optimization of Cd (II) adsorption from aqueous solution on clinoptilolite and bentonite (pp. 977-992) https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427217060210
  23. Pouladi et al. (2019) Optimization of oxidative desulfurization of gas condensate via response surface methodology approach (pp. 965-977) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.283
  24. Elmi Fard et al. (2016) Band gap energies and photocatalytic properties of CdS and Ag/CdS nanoparticles for Azo dye degradation (pp. 149-157) https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201500116
  25. Viezbicke et al. (2015) Evaluation of the Tauc method for optical absorption edge determination: ZnO thin films as a model system 252(8) (pp. 1700-1710) https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201552007
  26. Meman et al. (2014) Synthesis, characterization and operation of a functionalized multi-walled CNT supported MnOx nanocatalyst for deep oxidative desulfurization of sour petroleum fractions 20(6) (pp. 4054-4058) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.01.004