10.1007/s40097-020-00338-w

Influence of organic modifier structures of 2D clay layers on thermal stability, flammability and mechanical properties of their rubber nanocomposites

  • Nour F. Attia*1,
  • Gehad G. Mohamed2,
  • Mohamed M. Ismail3,
  • Taha T. Abdou3,
  1. Fire Protection Laboratory, Chemistry Division, National Institute for Standards, Giza, 12211, EG Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTECH), Jinju, 52725, KR
  2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, EG
  3. Science and Technology Center of Excellence (STCE), Cairo, EG

Published in Issue 22-04-2020

How to Cite

Attia, N. F., Mohamed, G. G., Ismail, M. M., & Abdou, T. T. (2020). Influence of organic modifier structures of 2D clay layers on thermal stability, flammability and mechanical properties of their rubber nanocomposites. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 10(2 (June 2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-020-00338-w
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

Abstract Rubber blends and their nanocomposites based on clay layers were developed. Two different mass ratio of styrene butadiene–nitrile butadiene rubber blend (SBR–NBR) were prepared. Montmorillonite clay modified with methyl dihydroxyethyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium and trimethyl stearyl ammoniums individually were dispersed in SBR–NBR rubber producing different nanocomposites. The mass ratio of organoclay was varied and optimized; also, the dispersion of organoclay sheets was investigated. The mechanical and thermal properties of the developed rubber nanocomposites were studied and improved. The tensile strength of the new nanocomposites was improved recording 16% improvement compared to blank rubber blend. Thermal stability of the developed rubber nanocomposites was enhanced achieving higher 40 °C in decomposition temperature compared to blank rubber blend. Furthermore, the flammability properties of the developed rubber nanocomposites were evaluated and rate of burning achieved 45% reduction compared to blank rubber blend. The chemical structure of organic modifier played an important role in the final nanocomposites performance. The intercalation of dispersed organoclay sheets with rubber blend was elucidated using X-ray diffraction and dispersion was confirmed using SEM. Graphic abstract

Keywords

  • Rubber blend,
  • Nanofillers,
  • Montmorillonite,
  • Thermal stability,
  • Mechanical properties

References

  1. Attia et al. (2014) Flame-retardant materials: synergistic effect of halloysite nanotubes on the flammability properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene composites (pp. 1168-1173)
  2. Huang et al. (2018) Design of novel self-healing thermoplastic vulcanizates utilizing thermal/magnetic/light-triggered shape memory effects (pp. 40996-41002)
  3. Chen et al. (2020) Strengthened, recyclable, weldable, and conducting-controllable biobased rubber film with a continuous water-soluble framework network (pp. 1285-1294)
  4. Le et al. (2014) Dispersion and distribution of carbon nanotubes in ternary rubber blends (pp. 180-186)
  5. Cao et al. (2020) Using cellulose nanocrystals as sustainable additive to enhance mechanical and shape memory properties of PLA/ENR thermoplastic vulcanizates
  6. Le et al. (2016) Effect of different ionic liquids on the dispersion and phase selective wetting of carbon nanotubes in rubber blends (pp. 284-297)
  7. Huang et al. (2020) A novel strategy to construct co-continuous PLA/NBR thermoplastic vulcanizates: Metal-ligand coordination-induced dynamic vulcanization, balanced stiffness-toughness and shape memory effect
  8. Attia and Saleh (2020) Novel synthesis of renewable and green flame-retardant, antibacterial and reinforcement material for styrene–butadiene rubber nanocomposites (pp. 1817-1827)
  9. Thomas and Stephen (2010) Wiley
  10. Le et al. (2016) Selective wetting of carbon nanotubes in rubber compounds—Effect of the ionic liquid as dispersing and coupling agent (pp. 13-24)
  11. Cao et al. (2018) Dual cross-linked epoxidized natural rubber reinforced by tunicate cellulose nanocrystals with improved strength and extensibility (pp. 14802-14811)
  12. Yan et al. (2019) Fabrication of “Zn2+ salt-bondings” cross-linked SBS-g-COOH/ZnO composites: thiol–ene Reaction modification of SBS, structure, high modulus, and shape memory properties (pp. 4329-4340)
  13. Cao et al. (2019) A robust and stretchable cross-linked rubber network with recyclable and self-healable capabilities based on dynamic covalent bonds (pp. 4922-4933)
  14. Liff et al. (2007) High-performance elastomeric nanocomposites via solvent-exchange processing (pp. 76-83)
  15. Barrera and Cornish (2016) High performance waste-derived filler/carbon black reinforced guayule natural rubber composites (pp. 132-142)
  16. Hou et al. (2016) Preparation of magnetic rubber with high mechanical properties by latex compounding method (pp. 252-261)
  17. Chen et al. (2017) Fabrication of high performance magnetic rubber from NBR and Fe3O4 via in situ compatibilization with Zinc dimethacrylate (pp. 183-190)
  18. Wen et al. (2013) In situ self-polymerization of unsaturated metal methacrylate and its dispersion mechanism in rubber-based composites (pp. 15-20)
  19. Teh et al. (2004) On the potential of organoclay with respect to conventional fillers (carbon black, silica) for epoxidized natural rubber compatibilized natural rubber vulcanizates (pp. 2438-2445)
  20. Carli et al. (2011) Characterization of natural rubber nanocomposites filled with organoclay as a substitute for silica obtained by the conventional two-roll mill method (pp. 56-61)
  21. Liu et al. (2008) Properties of vulcanized rubber nanocomposites filled with nanokaolin and precipitated silica (pp. 232-237)
  22. Attia et al. (2016) Facile synthesis of graphene sheets decorated nanoparticles and flammability of their polymer nanocomposites (pp. 65-74)
  23. Lin et al. (2004) On the filler flocculation in silica and carbon Black filled rubbers: Part II. filler flocculation and polymer-filler interaction (pp. 90-114)
  24. Sae-Oui et al. (2005) Comparison of reinforcing efficiency between Si-69 and Si-264 in an efficient vulcanization system (pp. 439-446)
  25. Galimberti, M., Cipolletti, V., Kumar, V.: Nanofillers in natural rubber (Chap. 2). In: Thomas, S., Chan, C.H., Pothan, L.A., Maria, R.J. (Eds.) Natural Rubber Based Composites & Nanocomposites, pp. 34–72. Royal Society of Chemistry (2014)
  26. Lakshminarayanan et al. (2012) Vulcanization behavior and mechanical properties of organoclay fluoroelastomer nanocomposites (pp. 5056-5063)
  27. Mohamed et al. (2017) Fabrication of chemically and in situ modified carbon paste electrodes for the potentiometric determination of chlorpromazine HCl in pure pharmaceutical preparations, urine and serum (pp. 15612-15624)
  28. Hwang et al. (2014) Mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of NBR/organosilicate nanocomposites (pp. 2117-2124)
  29. Nah et al. (2001) Fracture behaviour of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber/clay nanocomposite (pp. 1265-1268)
  30. Wu et al. (2004) Effects of characteristics of rubber, mixing and vulcanization on the structure and properties of rubber/clay nanocomposites by meltblending (pp. 890-894)
  31. Zheng et al. (2004) Influence of clay modification on the structure and mechanical properties of EPDM/montmorillonite nanocomposites (pp. 217-223)
  32. Zheng et al. (2004) Reading to learn from online information: modeling the factor structure (pp. 197-206)
  33. López-Manchado et al. (2004) Organoclay–natural rubber nanocomposites synthesized by mechanical and solution mixing methods (pp. 1766-1772)
  34. Bala et al. (2004) Organomodified montmorillonite as filler in natural and synthetic rubber (pp. 3583-3592)
  35. Arroyo et al. (2003) Organo-montmorillonite as substitute of carbon black in natural rubber compounds (pp. 2447-2453)
  36. Attia et al. (2018) Smart modification of inorganic fibers and flammability mechanical and radiation shielding properties of their rubber composites (pp. 1567-1578)
  37. Attia et al. (2015) Synergistic study of carbon nanotubes, rice husk ash and flame retardant materials on the flammability of polystyrene nanocomposites (pp. 3998-4005)
  38. Elashery et al. (2019) Cost-effective and green synthesized electroactive nanocomposite for high selective potentiometric determination of clomipramine hydrochloride
  39. Attia (2016) Green synthesis of polymer nanofibers and their composites as flame-retardant materials for polymer nanocomposites (pp. 1091-1097)
  40. Frag et al. (2020) Carbon thick sheet potentiometric sensor for selective determination of silver ions in X-ray photographic film
  41. Elashery et al. (2020) A comparative study of tetra-n-butylammonium bromide potentiometric selective screen printed, carbon paste and carbon nanotube modified graphite sensors (pp. 911-921)
  42. Wu et al. (2008) Flame retardance of montmorillonite/rubber composites (pp. 3318-3324)
  43. Rybinski et al. (2012) Thermal stability and flammability of butadiene–styrene rubber nanocomposites (pp. 561-571)
  44. International standard IEC 60695-11-10, Fire hazard testing Part 11-10: test flames-50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
  45. Harandi et al. (2017) Morphological and mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber/nano copper nanocomposites (pp. 338-344)