10.57647/jnsc.2025.1506.24

Nanostructured Composite Hydrogels Incorporating Antimicrobial Peptides and Osteogenic Factors for Periodontal Regeneration

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  • Jing Qiao*1,
  • Guohong Yuan2,
  • Jingru Zhao3,
  • Xiaohui Yin1,
  • Yong Zhang1,
  1. First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
  2. National Research Institute for Family Planning National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
  3. Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, China

Received: 03-09-2025

Revised: 30-09-2025

Accepted: 17-10-2025

Published in Issue 31-12-2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Jing Qiao, Guohong Yuan, Jingru Zhao, Xiaohui Yin, Yong Zhang (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Qiao, J., Yuan, G., Zhao, J., Yin, X., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Nanostructured Composite Hydrogels Incorporating Antimicrobial Peptides and Osteogenic Factors for Periodontal Regeneration. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 15(06). https://doi.org/10.57647/jnsc.2025.1506.24
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Abstract

This study reports the development of an injectable nanostructured composite hydrogel integrating the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and osteogenic growth factor BMP-2 for multifunctional periodontal regeneration. The chitosan/gelatin hydrogel, reinforced with 5% nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA), exhibited a highly porous structure (~90% porosity) and increased surface area (21.4 m²/g vs. 6.8 m²/g in blank) with homogeneously dispersed nanoparticles, as confirmed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, SAED, XPS, and BET analyses. Sustained release was achieved, with LL-37 releasing ~80% and BMP-2 ~60% by day 7, facilitated by nHA binding. In vitro antibacterial assays demonstrated >99% killing efficiency of Porphyromonas gingivalis, corroborated by live/dead staining and SEM evidence of membrane disruption. Cytotoxicity tests confirmed >90% viability of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), and osteogenic induction assays showed the AMP+BMP hydrogel produced the highest ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation (p < 0.01 vs. controls). Shear strength testing on wet tissue revealed adhesion of 5.12 ± 1.36 kPa for the composite, compared with 3.54 ± 1.08 kPa for blank hydrogels. In a rat periodontitis model, micro-CT analysis at 6 weeks revealed markedly improved bone regeneration in the dual-loaded group, with bone volume fraction reaching 82 ± 5%, CEJ–ABC distance reduced to 0.34 ± 0.08 mm (vs. 0.94 ± 0.11 mm untreated), trabecular number increased to 2.05 ± 0.15 1/mm, and trabecular separation decreased to 0.20 ± 0.03 mm. Histology-based quantification demonstrated extensive new bone bridging (6/8 animals), increased bone area fraction (BA/TA = 66.8 ± 7.5% in AMP+BMP vs 18.7 ± 7.2% No-Tx), reduced osteoclast indices (N.Oc/B.Pm = 0.9 ± 0.2 mm⁻¹; Oc.S/BS = 2.8 ± 0.9%), and higher PDL-like fiber organization scores (median 3 [IQR 2–3]) at 6 weeks. These findings highlight the synergistic antibacterial and osteoinductive efficacy of LL-37/BMP-2/nHA hydrogels as a promising platform for comprehensive periodontal regeneration.

Keywords

  • Biomaterial characterization,
  • Drug release kinetics,
  • Mechanical properties,
  • Nanocomposite hydrogel,
  • Nano-hydroxyapatite
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