Exploration of catalytic performance of nano-La2O3 as an efficient catalyst for dihydropyrimidinone/thione synthesis and gas sensing
Abstract
Abstract
In the present work, we report an proficient, elegant, and rapid one-pot synthesis of variety of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1
H
)-one/thione derivatives from β-dicarbonyl compounds, urea/thiourea, and various aromatic aldehydes using nano-La
2
O
3
catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation. This novel synthetic strategy benefits with excellent yields, short reaction time, benign reaction conditions, clean transformation, and purification of products by non-chromatographic strategies. In addition, the synthesized nano-material was also explored as an effective gas sensor for NO
2
, LPG, methyl alcohol, and ammonia. The gas-sensing properties such as selectivity and sensitivity of selected gases along with response and recovery for nano-La
2
O
3
sensor are reported in this paper. In this way, conferring nano-La
2
O
3
is a multifunctional catalyst not only for organic synthesis but also for gas sensing. The synthesized La
2
O
3
nano-material was characterized by Fourier transform IR, powder X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller isotherm. The formation of Biginelli adducts was confirmed by Fourier transform IR,
1
HNMR,
13
CNMR, DEPT-135 (distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer spectra), and mass spectral techniques.
Graphical abstract
Keywords
- Nano-La2O3 catalyst,
- 3,4-Dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-ones/thiones,
- Ultrasonic irradiation,
- Gas sensing and BET
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