10.1007/s40097-021-00409-6

Application of Terminalia catappa wood-based activated carbon modified with CuO nanostructures coupled with H2O2 for the elimination of chemical oxygen demand in the gas refinery

  • Sayed Ghadir Rafieyan1,
  • Farzaneh Marahel1,
  • Mehrorang Ghaedi*2,
  • Afsaneh Maleki1,
  1. Department of Chemistry, Omidiyeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Omidiyeh, IR
  2. Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918-74831, IR

Published in Issue 12-06-2021

How to Cite

Rafieyan, S. G., Marahel, F., Ghaedi, M., & Maleki, A. (2021). Application of Terminalia catappa wood-based activated carbon modified with CuO nanostructures coupled with H2O2 for the elimination of chemical oxygen demand in the gas refinery. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 12(2 (April 2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-021-00409-6
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

Abstract This study focused on the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from gas refinery wastewater via copper oxide nanoparticles which loaded on activated carbon supplied from Terminalia catappa (CuO-NPs-TCW-AC), while accordingly understudy process was accelerated by decomposition of organic pollutants in the presence of H 2 O 2 as oxidant. CuO-NPs-TCW-AC as heterogeneous catalyst in the combination of H 2 O 2 lead to generating OH radical as most efficient species degradation of organic pollutants (it is expected that copper ions also exhibited somewhat Fenton-like behaviors). TCW-AC prepared by carbonization at 850 °C for 90 min and subsequently was activated with CO 2 at 900 °C for 90 min and TCW-AC as the final product was oxidizing with nitric acid and hydrochloric acid solution. Characterization of adsorbent and investigation of mechanism process were undertaken by FT-IR (before and after COD removal), pH ZPC , Boehm's titration method, SEM, XRD, BET, and BJH. Conduction of preliminary experiments reveals that setting experimental condition at their optimum values including 0.06 g of the CuO-NPs-TCW-AC, pH of 4 and 0.1 mol L −1 of H 2 O 2 at 75 °C following 5 min agitation at speed of 400 rpm leads to 61.5% reduction of initial COD (320 ppm) from gas refinery wastewaters. According to the coefficients of determination ( R 2 ) for Langmuir (0.985), Freundlich (0.993) and Temkin isotherm (0.981) reveal cooperative mechanism on whole adsorption/decomposition process, while its experimental and calculating maximum adsorbent capacity were 250.1, 263.2 (mg g −1 ), respectively. Judgment based on correlation coefficients represents an agreement among experimental and predicted adsorption capacity and confirms that understudy COD reduction using CuO-NPs-TCW-AC follows the second-order kinetics. The negative Gibbs free energy strongly support the high tendency of present material for COD through spontaneous while, higher adsorption rate by temperature rising confirm the endothermic nature of the process. As a result, the application of CuO-NPs-TCW-AC in the combination of H 2 O 2 is suggested as a powerful tool for COD reduction from gas refinery wastewater. Graphic abstract

Keywords

  • Adsorption,
  • Terminalia catappa wood,
  • Activated carbon,
  • Copper oxide nanoparticles,
  • Chemical oxygen demand (COD)

References

  1. Zhao et al. (2017) Functionalized magnetic iron oxide/polyacrylonitrile composite electrospun fibers as effective chromium (VI) adsorbents for water purification (pp. 1018-1030)
  2. Naciri et al. (2020) Recent progress on the enhancement of photocatalytic properties of BiPO4 using π–conjugated materials
  3. GilPavas et al. (2019) Optimization and toxicity assessment of a combined electrocoagulation, H2O2/Fe2+/UV and activated carbon adsorption for textile wastewater treatment (pp. 551-560)
  4. Dil et al. (2016) Modeling of quaternary dyes adsorption onto ZnO–NR–AC artificial neural network: analysis by derivative spectrophotometry (pp. 186-197)
  5. Nasab, S.G., Teimouri, A., Hemmasi, M., Harandi, Z.J., Yazd, M.J.: Removal of Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions by nanodiopside as a novel and green adsorbent: optimisation by response surface methodology. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1–22 (2020)
  6. Teimouri et al. (2019) Statistical design of experiment as a tool for optimization of methylene blue sorption on CS/MCM-41/nano-gamma alumina as a novel and environmentally friendly adsorbent: isotherm and kinetic studies (pp. 327-341)
  7. GhanavatiNasab et al. (2018) Removal of Congo red from aqueous solution by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles loaded on Zein as an efficient and green adsorbent: response surface methodology and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm 26(9) (pp. 3677-3697) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1246-z
  8. Fooladgar et al. (2019) Highly efficient removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions using chitosan/rice husk ash/nano alumina with a focus on optimization by response surface methodology: isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies 27(5) (pp. 1025-1042) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-019-01385-3
  9. Oz and Eker (2019) Simultaneous hydrogen production and pollutant removal from olive mill wastewaters using electrohydrolysis process (pp. 296-303)
  10. Altaş and Büyükgüngör (2008) Sulfide removal in petroleum refinery wastewater by chemical precipitation 153(1–2) (pp. 462-469)
  11. Davoudi et al. (2014) The main sources of wastewater and sea contamination in the South Pars natural gas processing plants: prevention and recovery (pp. 137-146)
  12. Sizirici et al. (2019) Modified biosand filters enriched with iron oxide coated gravel to remove chemical, organic and bacteriological contaminants (pp. 110-119)
  13. Yavuz et al. (2010) Treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater by electrochemical methods 258(1–3) (pp. 201-205)
  14. Hassan et al. (2018) Low cost chemical oxygen demand sensor based on electrodeposited nano-copper film 11(2) (pp. 171-180)
  15. Quan et al. (2010) Simultaneous removal of ammonia, P and COD from anaerobically digested piggery wastewater using an integrated process of chemical precipitation and air stripping 178(1–3) (pp. 326-332)
  16. Amuda and Amoo (2007) Coagulation/flocculation process and sludge conditioning in beverage industrial wastewater treatment 141(3) (pp. 778-783)
  17. Colombo et al. (2019) Treatment of sanitary landfill leachate by the combination of photo-Fenton and biological processes (pp. 145-153)
  18. Shu et al. (2006) Treatment of MSW landfill leachate by a thin gap annular UV/H2O2 photoreactor with multi-UV lamps 129(1–3) (pp. 73-79)
  19. Asaithambi et al. (2017) Ozone (O3) and sono (US) based advanced oxidation processes for the removal of color, COD and determination of electrical energy from landfill leachate (pp. 442-449)
  20. Zheng et al. (2013) Color removal and COD reduction of biologically treated textile effluent through submerged filtration using hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane (pp. 89-95)
  21. Mohammad-pajooh et al. (2018) Removal of inert COD and trace metals from stabilized landfill leachate by granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption (pp. 189-196)
  22. Mahmoodi and Saffar-Dastgerdi (2019) Zeolite nanoparticle as a superior adsorbent with high capacity: synthesis, surface modification and pollutant adsorption ability from wastewater (pp. 74-83)
  23. Zhou et al. (2017) Development of nano-CaO2-coated clinoptilolite for enhanced phosphorus adsorption and simultaneous removal of COD and nitrogen from sewage (pp. 35-43)
  24. Augusto et al. (2019) Landfill leachate treatment by sorption in magnetic particles: preliminary study (pp. 636-668)
  25. Khatamian et al. (2019) Ultrasound assisted co-precipitation synthesis of Fe3O4/bentonite nanocomposite: performance for nitrate, BOD and COD water treatment
  26. Liou (2010) Development of mesoporous structure and high adsorption capacity of biomass-based activated carbon by phosphoric acid and zinc chloride activation 158(2) (pp. 129-142)
  27. Hagemann et al. (2020) Wood-based activated biochar to eliminate organic micropollutants from biologically treated wastewater
  28. Khafri et al. (2017) Synthesis and characterization of ZnS: Ni-NPs loaded on AC derived from apple tree wood and their applicability for the ultrasound assisted comparative adsorption of cationic dyes based on the experimental design (pp. 371-380)
  29. Ghaedi et al. (2015) Comparison of ultrasonic with stirrer performance for removal of sunset yellow (SY) by activated carbon prepared from wood of orange tree: artificial neural network modeling (pp. 789-799)
  30. Jafari et al. (2017) Fixed-bed column performances of azure-II and auramine-O adsorption by Pinus eldarica stalks activated carbon and its composite with Zno nanoparticles: optimization by response surface methodology based on central composite design (pp. 172-189)
  31. Yang et al. (2019) Evaluation of activated carbon synthesized by one-stage and two-stage co-pyrolysis from sludge and coconut shell (pp. 722-731)
  32. Zhu et al. (2018) Removal of toluene from waste gas by adsorption-desorption process using corncob-based activated carbons as adsorbents (pp. 115-125)
  33. Petrova et al. (2010) Removal of aromatic hydrocarbons from water by activated carbon from apricot stones 165(1) (pp. 258-264)
  34. Larous and Meniai (2016) Adsorption of diclofenac from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from olive stones 41(24) (pp. 10380-10390)
  35. Fasakin et al. (2018) Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon derived from activated banana peels with hierarchical porosity for improved electrochemical performance (pp. 187-196)
  36. Álvarez-Gutiérrez et al. (2017) Kinetics of CO2 adsorption on cherry stone-based carbons in CO2/CH4 separations (pp. 249-257)
  37. Tovar et al. (2019) Optimization of the integral valorization process for orange peel waste using a design of experiments approach: production of high-quality pectin and activated carbon (pp. 202-213)
  38. Djilani et al. (2012) Elimination of organic micropollutants by adsorption on activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste (pp. 203-212)
  39. JafariHarandi et al. (2019) Synthesis and characterisation of magnetic activated carbon/diopside nanocomposite for removal of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions: experimental design and optimisation 99(6) (pp. 568-594)
  40. Ghaedi et al. (2014) Acceleration of methylene blue adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from dross licorice by ultrasonic: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies 20(4) (pp. 2548-2560)
  41. Nasab et al. (2019) Decolorization of crystal violet from aqueous solutions by a novel adsorbent chitosan/nanodiopside using response surface methodology and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (pp. 429-443)
  42. Dashamiri et al. (2016) Ultrasonic enhancement of the simultaneous removal of quaternary toxic organic dyes by CuO nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon: central composite design, kinetic and isotherm study (pp. 546-557)
  43. Roosta et al. (2014) Experimental design based response surface methodology optimization of ultrasonic assisted adsorption of safaranin O by tin sulfide nanoparticle loaded on activated carbon (pp. 223-231)
  44. Nasab et al. (2019) Synthesis of ion-imprinted polymer-decorated SBA-15 as a selective and efficient system for the removal and extraction of Cu (II) with focus on optimization by response surface methodology 144(15) (pp. 4596-4612)
  45. Unknown (2013) American Public Health Association
  46. Dashamiri et al. (2017) Multi-response optimization of ultrasound assisted competitive adsorption of dyes onto Cu(OH)2-nanoparticle loaded activated carbon: central composite design (pp. 343-353)
  47. Sharifpour et al. (2019) Optimizing adsorptive removal of malachite green and methyl orange dyes from simulated wastewater by Mn-doped CuO-nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon using CCD-RSM: mechanism, regeneration, isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies 33(3)
  48. Kyzas et al. (2014) Magnetic modification of microporous carbon for dye adsorption (pp. 166-173)
  49. Domingo-Garcia et al. (2002) On the characterization of chemical surface groups of carbon materials 248(1) (pp. 116-122)
  50. Wu et al. (2013) Preparation and characteristics of medicinal activated carbon powders by CO2 activation of peanut shells (pp. 188-196)
  51. Jaramillo et al. (2010) Oxidation of activated carbon by dry and wet methods: surface chemistry and textural modifications 91(11) (pp. 1768-1775)
  52. Şahin and Saka (2013) Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from acorn shell by physical activation with H2O–CO2 in two-step pretreatment (pp. 163-168)
  53. Usha et al. (2015) Effect of catalysts on the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles: structural and optical properties by sol–gel method (pp. 203-210)
  54. Jayaprakash et al. (2014) Surface modifications of CuO nanoparticles using ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid as a capping agent by sol–gel routine (pp. 363-368)
  55. El-Trass et al. (2012) CuO nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, optical properties and interaction with amino acids 258(7) (pp. 2997-3001)
  56. Jayaprakash et al. (2015) Synthesis and characterization of cluster of grapes like pure and Zinc-doped CuO nanoparticles by sol–gel method (pp. 1803-1806)
  57. Goertzen et al. (2010) Standardization of the Boehm titration. Part I. CO2 expulsion and endpoint determination 48(4) (pp. 1252-1261)
  58. Liu et al. (2017) Preparation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane based cross-linked inorganic-organic nanohybrid as adsorbent for selective removal of acidic dyes from aqueous solution (pp. 402-412)
  59. Miandad et al. (2018) Untapped conversion of plastic waste char into carbon-metal LDOs for the adsorption of Congo red (pp. 402-410)
  60. Zaboon et al. (2018) Removal of monoethylene glycol from wastewater by using Zr-metal organic frameworks (pp. 75-85)
  61. Mirzajani and Karimi (2019) Ultrasonic assisted synthesis of magnetic Ni–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide for sonochemical simultaneous removal of sunset yellow and tartrazine dyes by response surface optimization: application of derivative spectrophotometry (pp. 239-250)
  62. Abraham et al. (2018) Facile synthesis, growth process, characterisation of a nanourchin-structured α-MnO2 and their application on ultrasonic-assisted adsorptive removal of cationic dyes: a half-life and half-capacity concentration approach (pp. 175-189)
  63. Zhao et al. (2017) Removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution with nickel-based metal-organic framework/graphene oxide composites prepared by ultrasonic wave-assisted ball milling (pp. 845-852)
  64. Zhao et al. (2013) Reduction of COD in TNT red water through adsorption on macroporous polystyrene resin RS 50B (pp. 71-75)
  65. Shafqat et al. (2019) Development of amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles for efficient and rapid removal of COD from pre-treated palm oil effluent 8(1) (pp. 385-395)
  66. Zhang et al. (2010) Adsorption of organic pollutants from coking wastewater by activated coke 362(1–3) (pp. 140-146)
  67. Kaur et al. (2016) Removal of chemical oxygen demand from landfill leachate using cow-dung ash as a low-cost adsorbent (pp. 338-343)
  68. Halim et al. (2010) Comparison study of ammonia and COD adsorption on zeolite, activated carbon and composite materials in landfill leachate treatment 262(1–3) (pp. 31-35)
  69. Ahmad and Hameed (2009) Reduction of COD and color of dyeing effluent from a cotton textile mill by adsorption onto bamboo-based activated carbon 172(2–3) (pp. 1538-1543)