10.1007/s40089-016-0197-4

The effect of concentration ratio and type of functional group on synthesis of CNT–ZnO hybrid nanomaterial by an in situ sol–gel process

Show Details XML HTML PDF
  • Sekineh Hosseini Largani1,
  • Mohammad Akbarzadeh Pasha*2,
  1. Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, IR
  2. Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, IR Research Laboratory of Carbon-based Nanostructures, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IR
Cover Image

Published in Issue 2016-12-23

How to Cite

Hosseini Largani, S., & Akbarzadeh Pasha, M. (2016). The effect of concentration ratio and type of functional group on synthesis of CNT–ZnO hybrid nanomaterial by an in situ sol–gel process. International Nano Letters, 7(1 (March 2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-016-0197-4
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

HTML views: 30

PDF views: 137

Abstract

Abstract In this research, MWCNT–ZnO hybrid nanomaterials were synthesized by a simple sol–gel process using Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 ·2H 2 O and functionalized MWCNT with carboxyl(COOH) and hydroxyl(OH) groups. Three different mass ratios of MWCNT:ZnO = 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 were examined. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Successful growth of MWCNT–ZnO hybrids for both COOH and OH functional groups and all the three mass ratios were obtained. The ZnO nanoparticles attached on the surfaces of CNTs have rather spherical shapes and hexagonal crystal structure. By increasing the concentration of ZnO, the number and average size of ZnO nanoparticles decorated the body of CNTs in hybrid structures increase. By increasing the ZnO precursor, the distribution of ZnO nanoparticles that appeared on the surface of CNTs becomes more uniform. The SEM observation beside EDX analysis revealed that at the same concentration ratio the amount of ZnO loading on the surface of MWCNT-COOH is more than MWCNT-OH. Moreover, the average size of ZnO nanoparticles attached on the surface of COOH functionalized CNTs is relatively smaller than that of OH functionalized ones.

Keywords

  • Carbon nanotubes,
  • ZnO nanoparticles,
  • CNT–ZnO hybrid,
  • Sol–gel,
  • Concentration ratio,
  • Functional group
HTML PDF

References

  1. De Volder et al. (2013) Carbon nanotubes: present and future commercial applications (pp. 535-539) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1222453
  2. Tan et al. (2012) Energy and environmental applications of carbon nanotubes (pp. 265-273) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-012-0356-4
  3. Verma et al. (2015) Excellent electromagnetic interference shielding and mechanical properties of high loading carbon-nanotubes/polymer composites designed using melt recirculation equipped twin-screw extruder (pp. 308-317) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.03.063
  4. Cheng et al. (2015) Pristine carbon nanotubes as non-metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction of water splitting (pp. 96-104) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.07.049
  5. Ghodselahi et al. (2012) Ni nanoparticle catalyzed growth of MWCNTs on Cu NPs@ aC: H substrate (pp. 299-303) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2012-30074-8
  6. Chen et al. (2013) Multi-walled carbon nanotube-supported metal-doped ZnO nanoparticles and their photocatalytic property (pp. 1295-1304) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-1295-5
  7. Wang et al. (2009) Sol–gel preparation of CNT/ZnO nanocomposite and its photocatalytic property (pp. 1317-1320) https://doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.200990220
  8. Zhang et al. (2010) Functional hybrid materials based on carbon nanotubes and metal oxides (pp. 6383-6391) https://doi.org/10.1039/b926341a
  9. Samadi et al. (2012) Visible light photocatalytic activity of novel MWCNT-doped ZnO electrospun nanofibers (pp. 42-48) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2012.03.019
  10. Yang et al. (2007) Synthesis and characterization of a nanocomplex of ZnO nanoparticles attached to carbon nanotubes (pp. 145-151) https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-1508(07)60012-6
  11. Zhu et al. (2009) Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic properties of ZnO-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (pp. 194-198) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2009.05.021
  12. Wang et al. (2008) Controlled modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with Zno nanostructures (pp. 822-827) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2008.01.005
  13. Chen et al. (2006) Zinc oxide nanoparticle decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their optical properties (pp. 5401-5407) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.07.003
  14. Dalouji et al. (2016) Absorption edge and the refractive index dispersion of carbon-nickel composite films at different annealing temperatures (pp. 1-6) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2016-16001-3
  15. Eder (2010) Carbon nanotube–inorganic hybrids (pp. 1348-1385) https://doi.org/10.1021/cr800433k
  16. Kołodziejczak-Radzimska et al. (2012) Structural characterization of ZnO particles obtained by the emulsion precipitation method (pp. 1-9) https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/656353
  17. Ramar et al. (2012) Incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in ZnO for dye sensitized solar cells (pp. 11734-11744)
  18. Lv et al. (2012) Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by ZnO-reduced graphene oxide–carbon nanotube composites synthesized via microwave-assisted reaction (pp. 2297-2301) https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cy20023f
  19. Ţălu et al. (2016) Microstructure and micromorphology of ZnO thin films: case study on Al doping and annealing effects (pp. 109-121) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2016.03.003
  20. Akhavan et al. (2011) Functionalized carbon nanotubes in ZnO thin films for photoinactivation of bacteria (pp. 598-602) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.07.030
  21. Jiang and Gao (2005) Fabrication and characterization of ZnO-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes with enhanced photocatalytic activity (pp. 313-316) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.11.028
  22. Tang et al. (1998) Room-temperature ultraviolet laser emission from self-assembled ZnO microcrystallite thin films (pp. 3270-3272) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.121620
  23. Ahmad et al. (2014) Photocatalytic, sonocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using ZnO/CNTs composites photocatalysts (pp. 761-773) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.08.014
  24. Dong et al. (2015) Polyol synthesis of nanoparticles: status and options regarding metals, oxides, chalcogenides, and non-metal elements (pp. 4107-4132) https://doi.org/10.1039/C5GC00943J
  25. Saleh et al. (2011) Enhancement in photocatalytic activity for acetaldehyde removal by embedding ZnO nano particles on multiwall carbon nanotubes (pp. 407-412) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.10.070
  26. Fievet et al. (2013) The polyol process (pp. 1-25) Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4213-3_1
  27. Yu et al. (2007) Preparation and photocatalytic property of ZnO/MWCNTs composites (pp. 1-22) Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
  28. Yu et al. (2005) Coating MWNTs with Cu2O of different morphology by a polyol process (pp. 1488-1494) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2005.02.016
  29. Jia et al. (2007) Self-assembly of magnetite beads along multiwalled carbon nanotubes via a simple hydrothermal process (pp. 1476-1481) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2007.03.025