10.1007/s40089-020-00295-w

Nano-structured phases of gallium oxide (GaOOH, α-Ga2O3, β-Ga2O3, γ-Ga2O3, δ-Ga2O3, and ε-Ga2O3): fabrication, structural, and electronic structure investigations

  • Aditya Sharma*1,
  • Mayora Varshney2,
  • Himani Saraswat1,
  • Surekha Chaudhary1,
  • Jai Parkash1,
  • Hyun-Joon Shin3,
  • Keun-Hwa Chae4,
  • Sung-Ok Won4,
  1. Department of Physics, Manav Rachna University, Faridabad, Haryana, 121004, IN
  2. Department of Applied Physics, School of Vocational and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201312, IN
  3. Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, KR
  4. Advanced Analysis Centre, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, KR

Published in Issue 2020-02-04

How to Cite

Sharma, A., Varshney, M., Saraswat, H., Chaudhary, S., Parkash, J., Shin, H.-J., Chae, K.-H., & Won, S.-O. (2020). Nano-structured phases of gallium oxide (GaOOH, α-Ga2O3, β-Ga2O3, γ-Ga2O3, δ-Ga2O3, and ε-Ga2O3): fabrication, structural, and electronic structure investigations. International Nano Letters, 10(1 (March 2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-020-00295-w
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

Abstract Regardless of much curiosity in the synthesis and diversifying properties of the polymorphs of gallium oxide, they are still unrevealed due to their nanoscale size and structural disorders. In this study, convincing methods have been applied to achieve various phases of gallium oxide (i.e., GaOOH, α-Ga 2 O 3 , β-Ga 2 O 3 , γ-Ga 2 O 3 , δ-Ga 2 O 3 , and ε-Ga 2 O 3 ). X-ray diffraction (XRD) along with Rietveld refinement has been employed to investigate the structural parameters of barely reported phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal the impact of the protocols of chemical synthesis on the morphology/size of the polymorphs of gallium oxide. Mechanistic discussion on the formation of nano-rod morphology in some of the phases (GaOOH and α-Ga 2 O 3 ) and nano-particle morphology in other (β-Ga 2 O 3 , γ-Ga 2 O 3 , δ-Ga 2 O 3 and ε-Ga 2 O 3 ) phases is also provided by considering the experimental parameters. The existence of Ga 3+ ions and their local hybridization with the oxygen is investigated using the X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at Ga K-edge and conveyed the phase dependence on the hybridization of frontier orbitals.

Keywords

  • XRD,
  • XAS,
  • Polymorphs,
  • Ga2O3

References

  1. Lin et al. (2017)
  2. Pozina et al. (2017)
  3. Mu et al. (2017)
  4. Kim et al. (2018)
  5. Wen et al. (2018)
  6. Chua et al. (2019)
  7. Muhammed et al. (2016)
  8. Shan et al. (2005)
  9. Passlacki et al. (1995)
  10. Soto et al. (2016)
  11. Adams and Ivanisevic (2019)
  12. Rodríguez et al. (2019)
  13. Li et al. (2013)
  14. Manandhar and Ramana (2017)
  15. Battu et al. (2017)
  16. Pearton et al. (2018)
  17. Ghodsi et al. (2017)
  18. Roy et al. (1952)
  19. Yoshioka et al. (2007)
  20. Qian et al. (2008)
  21. Mazeina et al. (2010)
  22. Teng et al. (2014)
  23. Zhang et al. (2018)
  24. Gopal et al. (2018)
  25. Playford et al. (2013)
  26. Playford et al. (2014)
  27. Sharma et al. (2017)
  28. Ravel and Newville (2005)
  29. Quan et al. (2010)
  30. Chen et al. (2018)
  31. Nishi et al. (1998)
  32. Samain et al. (2014)
  33. Paglia et al. (2006)
  34. Roehrens et al. (2010)
  35. Zinkevich and Aldinger (2004)
  36. Ethayaraja and Bandyopadhyaya (2007)
  37. Vaghayenegar et al. (2011)
  38. Viana et al. (2013)
  39. Criado et al. (2014)
  40. Shimizu et al. (1999)
  41. Ghose and Rahman (2016)