10.1186/2228-5326-2-27

Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on flame retardation and thermal stabilization performance of phosphorus-containing flame retardants in polypropylene

Show Details XML HTML PDF
  • Mohammad Shahvazian1,
  • Mehdi Ghaffari2,
  • Hoda Azimi3,
  • Reza Jahanmardi*3,
  1. Faculty of Textile Engineering, Islamic Azad University-Yazd Branch, Yazd, 8915813135, IR
  2. Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, 1497713115, IR
  3. Department of Polymer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1477893855, IR
Cover Image

Published in Issue 2012-10-24

How to Cite

Shahvazian, M., Ghaffari, M., Azimi, H., & Jahanmardi, R. (2012). Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on flame retardation and thermal stabilization performance of phosphorus-containing flame retardants in polypropylene. International Nano Letters, 2(1 (December 2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/2228-5326-2-27
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

HTML views: 41

PDF views: 125

Abstract

Abstract Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on flame retardation as well as thermal stabilization efficiency of two phosphorus-containing flame retardant systems i.e., ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol (APP/PER) and red phosphorus (RP) in polypropylene (PP) have been investigated. Limiting oxygen index, thermo-gravimetric analysis, melt flow index, and tensile tests have been performed in this study. Moreover, the structure of the nanocomposites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images revealed good dispersion of fillers in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, it was shown that the addition of MWNTs alone at a minimum loading level of 4 wt% improves thermal stability of PP considerably without any undesirable effect on its flow-ability and mechanical properties. Moreover, addition of MWNTs alone resulted in a slight improvement of flammability of the polymer. However, comparison between thermal stability and flame retardancy of PP samples containing a combination of MWNTs and APP/PER or RP and those of the samples containing APP/PER or RP alone proved that MWNTs interfere with thermal stabilization and flame retardation efficiency of both APP/PER and RP in the polymer.

Keywords

  • Polypropylene,
  • Flame retardation,
  • Thermal stabilization,
  • Carbon nanotubes
HTML PDF

References

  1. Chiang and Hu (2001) Phosphate-containing flame-retardant polymers with good compatibility to polypropylene. II. Effect of the flame-retardant polymers on polypropylene https://doi.org/10.1002/app.2090
  2. Lu and Hamerton (2002) Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(02)00018-7
  3. Li et al. (2005) Thermal degradation behaviors of polypropylene with novel silicon-containing intumescent flame retardant https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21944
  4. Paul and Robeson (2008) Polymer nanotechnology: nanocomposites https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2008.04.017
  5. Laoutid et al. (2009) New prospects in flame retardant polymer materials: from fundamentals to nanocomposites https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2008.09.002
  6. Cipiriano et al. (2007) Effects of aspect ratio of MWNT on the flammability properties of polymer nanocomposites https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.070
  7. Chen and Wang (2007) Thermal oxidative degradation kinetics of flame-retarded polypropylene with intumescent flame-retardant master batches in situ prepared in twin-screw extruder https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.11.004
  8. Li et al. (2005) Tang, X: synergistic effect of phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon on flame-retardant properties and char yield in polypropylene https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21522
  9. Zhang et al. (2010) The mechanical properties and thermal performances of polypropylene with a novel intumescent flame retardant https://doi.org/10.1002/app.31348
  10. Kashiwagi et al. (2002) Thermal degradation and flammability properties of poly(propylene)/carbon nanotube composites https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3927(20020901)23:13<761::AID-MARC761>3.0.CO;2-K
  11. Rizvi et al. (2011) Development and characterization of solid and porous polylactide-multiwall carbon nanotube composites https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.21792
  12. Stark et al. (2010) Evaluation of various fire retardants for use in wood flourepolyethylene composites https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.04.014
  13. Zhang and Horrocks (2003) A review of flame retardant polypropylene fibres https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2003.09.001