10.57647/ijnd-2026-1702-07

Green synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane scaffolds as valuable biological materials catalyzed by Fe3O4/SiO2/PPA as a magnetic nanocatalyst

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  • Fatemeh Chaltash1,
  • Seyed Mohammad Vahdat*1,
  • Roberto Acevedo2,
  • Soheila Ghanbari3,
  • Mohammad Qandalee4,
  • Carlos J. Durán-Valle5,
  • Ignacio M. Lopez-Coca6,
  1. Department of Chemistry, Am.c., Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
  2. Universidad San Sebastián; Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño (FIAD); Bellavista 7. 8420524. Santiago. Chile
  3. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  4. Department of Basic Sciences, Ga.C. Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
  5. ACYS, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
  6. INTERRA, School of Technology, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, 10003, Spain

Received: 2025-07-18

Revised: 2025-09-01

Accepted: 2025-09-18

Published in Issue 2025-10-12

Copyright (c) 2025 Fatemeh Chaltash, Seyed Mohammad Vahdat, Roberto Acevedo , Soheila Ghanbari , Mohammad Qandalee, Carlos J. Durán-Valle , Ignacio M. Lopez-Coca (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Chaltash, F., Vahdat, S. M., Acevedo, R., Ghanbari, S., Qandalee, M., J. Durán-Valle, C., & M. Lopez-Coca, I. (2025). Green synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane scaffolds as valuable biological materials catalyzed by Fe3O4/SiO2/PPA as a magnetic nanocatalyst . International Journal of Nano Dimension, 17(2 (April 2026). https://doi.org/10.57647/ijnd-2026-1702-07
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Abstract

This study applied Fe3O4/SiO2/PPA magnetic nanocatalyst as a solid acid catalyst to produce bis(indolyl)methane derivatives (BIMs) under solvent-free conditions and at 50Oc. FTIR, XRD, EDX, FESEM, HRTEM, and BET were used for structure confirmation. The catalyst was environmentally friendly, heterogeneous, and recyclable without loss of catalytic activity. Also, this catalyst had high efficiency for the synthesis of bis(indolyl) methanes and the reaction products were obtained quickly. The synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes from the reaction between indole derivatives and aldehydes has been carried out in short reaction times (5-30 min) with good to excellent yields (65-96%) using 50 mg of magnetic nanocatalyst at solvent-free conditions.

Keywords

  • Biological materials,
  • Bis(indolyl)methanes,
  • Fe3O4/SiO2/PPA,
  • Indole,
  • Magnetic nanocatalyst,
  • Solvent free
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