Fe3O4@nano-coconut shell/Cu(II): A Unique and Reusable Catalyst for Green Synthesis of naphtho[1,3]oxazine Derivatives

Abstract

Coconut shell nanoparticles were transformed into magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@nano-coconut shell) that were utilized for Lewis acid (Cu(II)) support. Consequently, the synthesis of the Fe₃O₄@nano-coconut shell/Cu(II) catalyst, possessing easy and complete recovery capabilities, was achieved. The characterization of Fe₃O₄@nano-coconut shell/Cu(II) was conducted using various techniques, including FT-IR, FESEM, VSM, EDS-MAP, XRD, BET, and TGA. The catalytic efficacy of Fe₃O₄@nano-coconut shell/Cu(II) as a potent Lewis acid nano-catalyst was assessed for the manufacture of 2-aryl-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine derivatives via a reaction of formaldehyde, aniline derivatives, and phenolic substrate such as β-naphthol. Fe₃O₄@nano-coconut shell/Cu(II) demonstrated robust performance in the reaction and could be reused up to four consecutive times with only a minor decline in catalytic activity.

Research Highlights

• Fe₃O₄@nano-coconut shell/Cu(II) catalyst with a very easy and complete recovering ability was synthesized.
• The synthesized catalyst was characterized by different techniques such as FT-IR, FESEM, VSM, EDS-MAP, XRD, BET as well as TGA.
• The catalytic performance of Fe₃O₄@nano-coconut shell/Cu(II) was evaluated.
• Synthesis of 2-aryl-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine derivatives was done.
• Fe₃O₄@nano-cocoanut shell/Cu(II) can be effective in reaction and reused four times.