10.57647/ijc.2026.1601.01

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Using Madhuca longifolia Flowers for Enhanced Photodegradation and Antibacterial Applications

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  • Rahul Rameshcandra Bhavsar1,
  • Ravikiran S. Pagare1,
  • Sachin Girdhar Shinde*2,
  • Maheshkumar Prakash Patil3,
  1. Research Centre, Department of Biological Science, School of Science, Sandip University, Nashik, Maharashtra, 422213, India
  2. Research Centre, K.V.N Nanik Arts, Commerce and Science College, Nashik, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 422002, India
  3. Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongsoro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea

Received: 2025-05-19

Revised: 2025-12-03

Accepted: 2025-12-18

Published in Issue 2026-03-31

Published Online: 2025-12-24

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Bhavsar, R. R., Pagare, R. S., Shinde, S. G., & Patil, M. P. (2026). Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Using Madhuca longifolia Flowers for Enhanced Photodegradation and Antibacterial Applications. Iranian Journal of Catalysis, 16(1 (March 2026). https://doi.org/10.57647/ijc.2026.1601.01
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Abstract

The present study involves green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using aqueous Madhuca Longifolia flower extract from hydrothermal synthesis. The ZnO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible studies, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR, SEM, and EDAX. The NPs were evaluated for photodegradative and antimicrobial activities. UV–visible absorption of ZnO NPs showed an absorption band at 356 nm, which can be assigned to an effective formation of ZnO NPs having appreciable activity in the visible range, confirmed by the Tauc plot showing a 3.21 eV band gap. TEM image confirms the formation of nanoparticles, and the average crystallite sizes were found to be 17-20 nm. Eosin Blue (EB) dye was effectively degraded under sunlight in the minimum quantity of ZnO NPs. Excellent bactericidal activity was shown by the NPs on Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus ATCC13061, Staphylococcus saprophyticus KCTC3345) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli KCTC1682, Salmonella typhimurium KCCM11862) bacteria. Synthesis of multifunctional ZnO NPs using naturally occurring M. longifolia plant flower has been an excellent, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical methods.

Keywords

  • Madhuca longifolia,
  • ZnO nanoparticles,
  • Photocatalysis,
  • Antimicrobial activity
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