10.57647/j.ijc.2025.1504.45

Combustion Synthesis of BiCoO3 Using Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane as a Novel Fuel and its Catalytic Applications in the Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Derivatives

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  • Mina Avizhgan 1,
  • Ahmad Reza Momeni*1,
  • Heshmat Allah Samimi1,
  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

Received: 2025-06-11

Revised: 2025-08-21

Accepted: 2025-09-10

Published in Issue 2025-12-31

Published Online: 2025-11-05

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Avizhgan , M., Momeni, A. R., & Samimi, H. A. (2025). Combustion Synthesis of BiCoO3 Using Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane as a Novel Fuel and its Catalytic Applications in the Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Derivatives. Iranian Journal of Catalysis, 15(04). https://doi.org/10.57647/j.ijc.2025.1504.45
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Abstract

BiCoO3 was successfully prepared through a novel combustion method using tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane as both a chelating agent and a fuel. Various calcination temperatures were investigated to obtain BiCoO3 nanoparticles in a single phase. The perovskite structure was characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET surface area measurement. Additionally, BiCoO3 was prepared by the co-precipitation method, and a comparative study of the structures obtained from both methods was performed by XRD analysis. The obtained BiCoO3 nanoparticles were used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and 4,4-(arylmethylene)bis-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ols). The reactions were carried out at reflux conditions, in a short reaction time, with high yields, high catalytic activity, and reusability. The catalyst also exhibited good stability, and it can be reused six times without losing activity in the reaction.

 Highlights

·       BiCoO3 perovskite was synthesized using the solution combustion method.

·       Tris was used as a fuel in the synthesis of BiCoO3.

·       BiCoO3 prepared by this method exhibits a desirable surface area and crystallite size.

·       BiCoO3 exhibited good catalytic activity in the synthesis of pyrans and bis(pyrazolyl)methanes.

·       XRD and EDS analysis confirm the phase pure composition of BiCoO3.

Keywords

  • BiCoO3,
  • Bis(pyrazolyl)methanes,
  • Perovskite oxides,
  • Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans,
  • Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
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