10.57647/j.ijc.2025.1503.37

Fe3O4@3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane-SO3H: A greener catalyst for one-pot synthesis of pyranopyrimidine derivatives

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  • Raju Shekhanavar1,
  • Aravind Kamath1,
  • Kantharaju Kamanna*1,
  1. Department of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi, P-B, NH-4-591156, India
Fe3O4@3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane-SO3H: A greener catalyst for one-pot synthesis of pyranopyrimidine derivatives

Received: 2025-03-04

Revised: 2025-06-06

Accepted: 2025-07-10

Published in Issue 2025-09-30

Published Online: 2025-07-25

Copyright (c) 2025 Raju Shekhanavar, Aravind Kamath, Kantharaju Kamanna (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Shekhanavar, R., Kamath, A., & Kamanna, K. (2025). Fe3O4@3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane-SO3H: A greener catalyst for one-pot synthesis of pyranopyrimidine derivatives. Iranian Journal of Catalysis, 15(3 (September 2025). https://doi.org/10.57647/j.ijc.2025.1503.37
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Abstract

The present work describes the eco-friendly preparation of magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 (MNPs) using Water Extract of Lemon Fruit Shell Ash (WELFSA) as a greener agro-waste solvent medium and further functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and -SO3H. The prepared heterogeneous Lewis acid was explored for one-pot synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives using aromatic aldehyde, ethyl cyanoacetate, and barbituric or thiobarbituric acid, accelerated by microwave irradiation in ethanol as a co-solvent. The reaction is optimized by various methods such as magnetic stirring, ultrasound, mechanochemical, and microwave irradiation, but the microwave irradiation method gives excellent product isolation with a faster rate and a high yield of 82-92% with high purity. The advantages of the present approach are chemical-free, no hazardous solvents, and considered as an eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of pyrano [2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives. The final product isolated is recrystallized in ethanol and characterized by FT-IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS spectrometry. Further, some of the selected pyrano [2, 3-d] pyrimidine derivatives (4a, 4d, 4f, 4m, 4o, and 4r) are subjected to anti-microbial activity studies. The tested derivatives show anti-microbial activity comparable to the activities of reference antimicrobials.

Highlights

  • Greener synthesis of Fe3O4 demonstrated
  • Further surface modification to Fe3O4@APTES-SO3H, an acid functionality attached, and characterized using various techniques
  • The application of this prepared catalysts demonstrated for pyranopyrimidine derivatives synthesis. 
  • The present approach highlighted rapid, simple, avoid use of chromatographic purification, inexpensive, recyclable catalyst, and a green synthetic protocol
  • Some of the selected derivatives screened for (4a, 4d, 4f, 4m, 4o and 4r) antimicrobial activity studies, and derivatives showed comparable activities.

Keywords

  • Green chemistry,
  • Pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine,
  • APTES,
  • Microwave irradiation,
  • Anti-microbial
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