10.57647/j.ijc.2025.1503.35

Synthesis and Characterization of a CNT/Fe2O3/TiO2/Bentonite Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride

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  • Ayad Dari*1,
  • Mohammed Shorbaz1,
  • May Ali1,
  • Ahmed Zamil1,
  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, PO Box 35010, 52 Alsinaa St., Baghdad, Iraq
Synthesis and Characterization of a CNT/Fe2O3/TiO2/Bentonite Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride

Received: 2025-03-11

Revised: 2025-06-03

Accepted: 2025-07-10

Published in Issue 2025-09-30

Published Online: 2025-07-21

Copyright (c) 2025 Ayad Dari, Mohammed Shorbaz, May Ali, Ahmed Zamil (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Dari, A., Shorbaz, M., Ali, M., & Zamil, A. (2025). Synthesis and Characterization of a CNT/Fe2O3/TiO2/Bentonite Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride. Iranian Journal of Catalysis, 15(3 (September 2025). https://doi.org/10.57647/j.ijc.2025.1503.35
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Abstract

This process studies the efficiency of the advanced oxidation processes, which were used to decompose tetracycline hydrochloride in aqueous solutions by CNT/Fe2O3/TiO2/Bentonit. A nanocatalyst was prepared with high conductivity, broad light absorption, and high surface area, utilizing Photocatalysts again. Several process variables (irradiation time, contaminant concentration, catalyst dosage, and pH) were studied. X-ray diffraction analysis. The quality of the high-performance nanocomposite catalyst construction will be improved if X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the catalyst has been transformed into a pure homogeneous structure. At pH 5, the contaminant was degraded in 120 min with a dose of 15 mg of the nanocomposite. At a concentration of 0.5 ppm tetracycline hydrochloride, the clearance rate reached 95.1%. The removal rate decreased with increasing pH, while titanium oxide degraded the tetracycline hydrochloride, bentonite, and nanocarbon exhibited contaminant adsorption capacity. The regression coefficient (R2) of 0.97 indicated that the process best conformed to quasi-first-order kinetics.

Keywords

  • Advanced Oxidation,
  • Removal,
  • Renewable,
  • Reactor,
  • Treatment
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