10.57647/ijamad.2025.1503.15

Empowerment Strategies for Small-Scale Fishers in Improving the Household Economy of Coastal Areas

  1. Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia
  2. Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business of Islam, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia

Received: 11-07-2025

Revised: 23-08-2025

Accepted: 04-09-2025

Published in Issue 30-09-2025

How to Cite

Rahim, A., Retno Dwi Hastuti, D., Sabar, W., & Kurniawan, A. W. (2025). Empowerment Strategies for Small-Scale Fishers in Improving the Household Economy of Coastal Areas. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.57647/ijamad.2025.1503.15

PDF views: 1

Abstract

The government assistance program policy has been implemented; however, it is insufficient to meet the economic needs of small-scale fisher households, indicating the need for a fisher empowerment strategy. This research aims to identify internal and external environmental factors and to formulate fisher empowerment strategies based on the grand strategy matrix. The research employed a quantitative method with a descriptive analysis approach. The study was conducted in the coastal area of Makassar City from July to October 2022. Respondents were selected purposively, consisting of 46 coastal fisher households. The results show that, in the Internal Factors Analysis Summary, the highest-rated strength was experience at sea, while the main weakness was the use of simple fishing technology. In the External Factors Analysis Summary, opportunities included the potential for abundant marine fish resources, while threats were natural conditions. The grand strategy focuses on improving the quality of fishers’ human resources, increasing catches, and optimizing catch utilization. This strategy can be realized through assistance in the form of interest-free loans or grants.

Keywords

  • Small-scale fishers,
  • empowerment strategy,
  • coastal area

References

  1. Abu Samah, A., Shaffril, H. A. M., Hamzah, A., & Abu Samah, B. (2019). Factors affecting small-scale fishermen’s adaptation toward the impacts of climate change: Reflections from Malaysian fishers. SAGE Open, 9(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019864204
  2. Aditi, M., & Varsha, L. (2020). Fish processing: Product and by-product, processing and marketing. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 8(1B), 74–77. https://www.fisheriesjournal.com/archives/?year=2020&vol=8&issue=1&part=B
  3. Adnan, N., Bashir, A., & Harunurrasyid, H. (2021). The economies of scale and efficiency of small-scale capture fisheries in Kurau Village, Central Bangka District. Marine Fisheries: Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management, 11(2), 121–133. https://doi.org/10.29244/jmf.v11i2.32463
  4. Alapan, M. P., Arpilleda, E. L. I., Altizo, K. J. R., Frias, G. K. R., & Ravelo, J. D. (2016). Factors affecting the market price of fish in the northern part of Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Journal of Environment and Ecology, 7(2), 34. https://doi.org/10.5296/jee.v7i2.10469
  5. Alsop, R. (2015). On the concept and measurement of empowerment. In The many dimensions of poverty (pp. 120–139). https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230592407_7
  6. Asmal, I., Amin, S., & Ali, M. (2016). Environmental sanitation conditions in the Beba fish auction place (TPI). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 227, 778–784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.145
  7. Asnawi, A., Luhur, E. S., & Suryawati, S. H. (2021). Model permintaan ekspor udang olahan Indonesia oleh pasar Jepang, Amerika Serikat dan Uni Eropa dengan pendekatan error correction model (ECM). Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 16(2), 179–191. https://doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v16i2.9768
  8. Atalah, J., & Sanchez-Jerez, P. (2020). Global assessment of ecological risks associated with farmed fish escapes. Global Ecology and Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00842
  9. Barnes-Mauthe, M., Oleson, K. L. L., & Zafindrasilivonona, B. (2013). The total economic value of small-scale fisheries with a characterization of post-landing trends: An application in Madagascar with global relevance. Fisheries Research, 147, 175–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2013.05.011
  10. Blythe, J. L. (2015). Resilience and social thresholds in small-scale fishing communities. Sustainability Science, 10, 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-014-0253-9
  11. Buda, P. W. U., Susrusa, K. B., & Djelantik, A. A. A. W. (2021). Household income structure and strategy among farmers in Subak Jatiluwih. SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 15(2), 379–389. https://doi.org/10.24843/SOCA.2021.v15.i02.p13
  12. Cheng, L., Chen, K., Lee, M., & Li, K. (2021). User-defined SWOT analysis – A change mining perspective on user-generated content. Information Processing & Management, 58(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102613
  13. Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. https://archive.org/details/Cochran1977SamplingTechniques_201703/page/n25/mode/2up
  14. Deb, P., Dey, M. M., & Surathkal, P. (2022). Price transmission and market integration of Bangladesh fish markets. Aquaculture, 560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738592
  15. Fahriana, N., Nadya, Y., & Handayan, N. (2022). Inovasi pengolahan ikan tuna menjadi abon. Abdi: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 4(1), 106–109. http://abdi.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/abdi/article/view/193
  16. Fathoni, S., Rachman, M. A., & Arasy, A. K. (2019). Analysis determinant supply & demand fisheries. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1–8. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/241/1/012030
  17. Franjaya, W. L., Zamdial, Z., & Muqsit, A. (2018). Analisis produktivitas dan teknis penangkapan rawai dasar di Desa Kota Bani Kecamatan Putri Hijau Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara. Jurnal Enggano, 3(2), 262–274. https://doi.org/10.31186/jenggano.3.2.261-274
  18. Freeman, R., & Svels, K. (2022). Women’s empowerment in small-scale fisheries: The impact of fisheries local action groups. Marine Policy, 136, 104907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104907
  19. Fréon, P., & Dagorn, L. (2000). Review of fish associative behavior: Toward a generalization of the meeting point hypothesis. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 10, 183–207. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016666108540
  20. Gammanpila, M., Wijeyaratne, M. J. S., & Amarasinghe, U. S. (2019). The dwindling community-based management strategies in the Brush Park fishery of a tropical estuary: Need for co-management. Ocean & Coastal Management, 167, 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.10.008
  21. Giareta, E. P., Prado, A. C., Leite, R. D., Padilha, E., dos Santos, I. H., Wosiak, C. D. D., & Wosnick, N. (2021). Fishermen’s participation in research and conservation of coastal elasmobranchs. Ocean & Coastal Management, 199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105421
  22. Glass, J. R., Kruse, G. H., & Miller, S. A. (2015). Socioeconomic considerations of the commercial weathervane scallop fishery off Alaska using SWOT analysis. Ocean & Coastal Management, 105, 154–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.01.005
  23. González, M. (2021). To make a fishing life: Community empowerment in small-scale fisheries in the Pearl Lagoon, Nicaragua. In Poverty mosaics: Realities and prospects in small-scale fisheries (pp. 275–308). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1582-0_13
  24. Handoko, Y. P., & Yuniarti, T. (2023). Penanganan ikan hasil tangkapan di atas kapal dan di pendaratan: Penerapan, dampak, dan upaya perbaikannya. Jurnal Kelautan dan Perikanan Terapan, 1, 123–128. https://doi.org/10.15578/jkpt.v1i0.12155
  25. Hertati, D., Nurhadi, & Kusuma, A. (2017). Strategy of fisherman empowerment in the production of milkfish spine floss in Segoro Tambak Sedati Sidoarjo Regency. Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings, 213–217. https://doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2018.0131
  26. Hoque, M. S., Bygvraa, A. D., Pike, K., Hasan, M. M., Rahman, M. A., Mitchell, D., & Holliday, E. (2021). Knowledge, practice, and economic impacts of COVID-19 on small-scale coastal fishing communities in Bangladesh: Policy recommendations for improved livelihoods. Marine Policy, 131, 104647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104647
  27. Hutubessy, G. (2020). Evaluasi selektivitas jaring insang di Teluk Kotania, Seram Bagian Barat. Jurnal Enggano, 5(1), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.31186/jenggano.5.1.91-100
  28. Jayasinghe, K., & Wickramasinghe, D. (2011). Power over empowerment: Encountering development accounting in a Sri Lankan fishing village. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 22(4), 396–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2010.12.008
  29. Kabir, G. M. S., Yew, T. S., K.M., N., & Hook, L. S. (2011). Assessing fishers’ empowerment in inland openwater fisheries in Bangladesh. Ecological Economics, 70(11), 2114–2123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.06.009
  30. Kar, D. (2021). Chapter 5 - Community-based fisheries management in different continents and countries across the world. In Community-based fisheries management (A global perspective) (pp. 121–505). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821723-8.00005-1
  31. Lemée, C., Guillard, M., Fleury-Bahi, G., Krien, N., Chadenas, C., Chauveau, E., Desse, M., Coquet, M., Lamarre, M., & Navarro, O. (2019). What meaning do individuals give to coastal risks? Contribution of the social representation theory. Marine Policy, 108, 108:103629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103629
  32. Lomboy, C. G., Belinario, F., Pomeroy, R., Pedrajas, J., Tirona, R. S., Box, S., Domondon, P. R., & Balbido-Ramirez, K. (2019). Building household economic resilience to secure a future for near shore fishers in the Philippines. Marine Policy, 99, 334–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.11.013
  33. Longsheng, C., Shah, S. A. A., Solangi, Y. A., Ahmad, M., & Ali, S. (2021). An integrated SWOT-multi-criteria analysis of implementing sustainable waste-to-energy in Pakistan. Renewable Energy, 195, 1438–1453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.06.112
  34. Lowitt, K., C.Z., L., Spring, A., Turlo, C., Williams, P. L., Bird, S., Sayers, C. D., & Simba, M. (2020). Empowering small-scale, community-based fisheries through a food systems approach. Marine Policy, 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104150
  35. Lu, Y., Sajiki, T., & Yagi, N. (2020). Factors affecting fisherman satisfaction with fishermen’s self-governance organizations: A case study of the Taiwan Donggang Sakuraebi (Sergia lucens) production and management group. Marine Policy, 115, 103819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103819
  36. Mabe, F. N., & Asase, A. (2020). Climate change adaptation strategies and fish catchability: The case of inland artisanal fishers along the Volta Basin in Ghana. Fisheries Research, 230, 105675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105675
  37. Masi, M., Pasquale, J., Vecchio, Y., Pauselli, G., Tribilustova, E., & Adinolfi, F. (2022). A cross-sectional study in Mediterranean European countries to support stakeholders in addressing future market demands: Consumption of farmed fish products. Aquaculture Reports, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101133
  38. Mbaye, A., Schmidt, J., & Cormier-Salem, M. (2023). Social construction of climate change and adaptation strategies among Senegalese artisanal fishers: Between empirical knowledge, magico-religious practices and sciences. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100360
  39. Mcowen, C. J., Cheung, W. W. L., Rykaczewski, R. R., Watson, R. A., & Wood, L. J. (2015). Is fisheries production within Large Marine Ecosystems determined by bottom-up or top-down forcing? Fish and Fisheries, 16, 623–632. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12082
  40. Muallil, R. N., Cleland, D., & Aliño, P. M. (2013). Socioeconomic factors associated with fishing pressure in small-scale fisheries along the West Philippine Sea Biogeographic Region. Ocean & Coastal Management, 82, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.04.013
  41. Murdayanti, M., Ibrahim, J. T., & Baroh, I. (2021). Farmer empowerment strategies through organic vegetables development. SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 15(1), 108–119. https://doi.org/10.24843/SOCA.2021.v15.i01.p10
  42. Okeke-Ogbuafor, N., & Gray, T. (2021). Is community-based management of small-scale fisheries in Sierra Leone the answer to their problems? World Development Perspectives, 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2021.100292
  43. Olale, E., & Henson, S. (2012). Determinants of income diversification among fishing communities in Western Kenya. Fisheries Research, 1, 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2012.02.029
  44. Onyango, H. O., Ochiewo, J. O., & Karani, N. J. (2021). Socio-economic prospects and problems in under-exploited offshore marine fisheries: The case of fish aggregating devices (FADs) in Kenya coastal fisheries. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101706
  45. Pameroy, R. S., & Andrew, N. L. (2011). Small-scale fisheries management: Frameworks and approaches for the developing world. CPI Antony Rome. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845936075.0000
  46. Pollnac, R. B. (2009). Social and cultural characteristics of fishing peoples. Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 14(1), 23–39. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10236248809378691
  47. Prabhakar, K., Vatsa, S., Srivastav, P. P., & Pathak, S. S. (2020). Comprehensive review on freshness of fish and assessment: Analytical methods and recent innovations. Food Research International, 133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109157
  48. Purnomo, D., Daraba, D., Achmad, M., & Tahir, I. (2021). Empowerment of the fisherman community based on local wisdom in the administration district of a Kepulauan Seribu DKI Jakarta Province. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities, 4(4), 9085–9094. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i4.2904
  49. Purwiyono, B., Prihatminingtyas, B., & Pujiastuti, A. Q. (2022). Empowerment of farmer’s salt smallholder and their welfare. SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 16(2), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.24843/SOCA.2022.v16.i02.p0
  50. Rahim, A., Hastuti, D. R. D., & Astuty, S., & Bado, B. (2022). Are social conditions important to increase household income? The case of coastal fishers in Makassar City, Indonesia. Journal of Socioeconomics and Development, 5(2), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.31328/jsed.v5i2.3832
  51. Rahim, A., Hastuti, D. R. D., & Bustanul, N. (2018). Estimation of household consumption expenditure of small-scale fishermen in Indonesia. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 83(11), 375–383. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2018-11.45
  52. Rahim, A., Hastuti, D. R. D., & Syam, U. (2020). Estimation comparison of small-scale fisherman decision on choice fishing gear and outboard engine power. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 15(2), 574–580. https://doi.org/10.36478/jeasci.2020.574.580
  53. Saifullah, & Susilawati. (2018). Teknologi rumpon untuk nelayan tradisional di Kecamatan Pemangkat Kabupaten Sambas. J-DINAMIKA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.25047/j-dinamika.v3i1.573
  54. Tega, Y. R., Pesulima, W., Ningsih, O., Dawa, U. P. L., & Henggu, K. U. (2021). Pengembangan produk olahan ikan Kadoru di Kecamatan Katikutana Kabupaten Sumba Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 12(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.24319/jtpk.12.11-18
  55. Tikadar, K. K., Islam, J. M., Saha, S. M., Alam, M., Barman, S. K., & A., R. (2022). Livelihood status of small-scale fishermen and determinants of their income: Insights from north-eastern floodplains of Bangladesh. Geography and Sustainability, 3(3), 204–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2022.06.002
  56. Torres, F., Oyandel, R., & Gelcich, S. (2022). Adoption and impacts of fishing gear innovations: Insights from a small-scale fishery in Chile. Fisheries Research, 248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2021.106200
  57. Utomo, N. B. P., & Setiawati, S. M. (2013). Role of various fishmeal ingredients on Sangkuriang catfish Clarias sp. growth. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia, 12(2), 158–168. https://doi.org/10.19027/jai.12.158-168
  58. Weeratunge, N., Béné, C., Siriwardane, R., Charles, A., Johnson, D., Allison, E. H., Nayak, P. K., & Badjeck, M. (2014). Small-scale fisheries through the wellbeing lens. Fish and Fisheries, 15(2), 255–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12016
  59. Wiber, M., Charles, A., Kearney, J., & Berkes, F. (2009). Enhancing community empowerment through participatory fisheries research. Marine Policy, 33, 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2008.05.009
  60. Yonvitner, Y., Wafi, H., Yulianto, G., Boer, M., & Kurnia, R. (2021). Small-scale fishermen: Poverty as a challenge to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Sunda Strait. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik, 34(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V34I12021.81-92
  61. Zheng, S., Wang, S., Xu, W., & Liu, Q. (2021). Research on the job transfer pathway of Chinese marine fishermen and its driving factors. Marine Policy, 129, 104572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104572