10.57647/jsaeb.2026.0101.02

Univariate Distribution Estimator for Predicting the Groundwater Level Fluctuations

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  • Saviour Aletor*1,
  1. Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Uyo, Nigeria

Received: 2025-11-17

Accepted: 2025-12-12

Published in Issue 2026-03-31

Copyright (c) 2026 Saviour Aletor (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Univariate Distribution Estimator for Predicting the Groundwater Level Fluctuations. (2026). Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Biology, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.57647/jsaeb.2026.0101.02
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Abstract

Abstract: Today, with the growth of population and consequently the increasing human need for water resources, lack of rainfall and surface currents in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, the exploitation of groundwater resources has increased and caused many problems in these non-renewable resources. Therefore, it is necessary to study and predict the status of groundwater resources. In this regard, several approaches and methods such as modeling have been used. In this research, an attempt was made to investigate changes in water level using a hydrological model and numerical simulation of groundwater. Univariate frequency distribution functions and MODFLOW simulation model were used to create an operating system. Hydrological events including rainfall and drought were considered to evaluate the return periods and prediction of rate and time of the individual phenomena. The results showed that the 50-year return period is the best scenario for groundwater abstraction for agriculture. Groundwater balancing, artificial recharge and exploitation control are other ways of managing the water level. Rainfall was the main component of the decision system in the summer season and the depth of precipitation was evaluated as critical factor.

Keywords

  • Groundwater simulation,
  • Sampling method,
  • Univariate analysis,
  • Water exploitation
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