10.57647/jee.2026.0902.18

Design a Curriculum Model for Artificial Intelligence (AI) Literacy for Student Teachers at Farhangian University

XML PDF
  • Leila Razi1,
  • Sedigheh Mohamadjani*2,
  • Sepideh Safarpoor3,
  • Aliasghar Mashinchi3,
  1. Department of Curriculum Planning, Lam.C. Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran
  2. Department of Educational Sciences, Shi.C. Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
  3. Department of Educational Sciences, Lam.C. Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran

Received: 2026-02-02

Revised: 2026-04-20

Accepted: 2026-04-25

Published in Issue 2026-12-31

Copyright (c) 2026 Leila Razi, Sedigheh Mohamadjani, Sepideh Safarpoor, Aliasghar Mashinchi (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Razi, L., Mohamadjani, S., Safarpoor, S., & Mashinchi, A. (2026). Design a Curriculum Model for Artificial Intelligence (AI) Literacy for Student Teachers at Farhangian University. Journal of Education Experiences, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.57647/jee.2026.0902.18
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

PDF views: 1

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to design a curriculum model for artificial intelligence (AI) literacy for student teachers at Farhangian University. A qualitative approach and meta-synthesis method were adopted. The research corpus consisted of articles from reputable journals and theses on AI literacy curricula for student teachers, using qualitative or mixed methods, published between 2015 and 2025. Purposeful sampling was employed. Inclusion criteria included thematic relevance, inclusion of research keywords, methodological quality, and data comprehensiveness. Following the PRISMA checklist and a two-stage screening process, 36 studies meeting over 80% of the criteria were included. Data analysis was conducted using Attride-Stirling thematic network method with MAXQDA 24 software. Trustworthiness was ensured through researcher self-review, data triangulation, and Cohen’s kappa coefficient. A total of 175 basic themes, 37 organizing themes, and 10 global themes were identified as curriculum components: Curriculum Rationale, Objectives, Content, Instructor’s Role, Teaching-Learning Activities, Time, Place and Space, Materials and Resources, Learner Characteristics, and Assessment and Evaluation. Given the model’s comprehensiveness, it can serve as a foundational framework for AI literacy curricula for student teachers at Farhangian University.

Keywords

  • Artificial Intelligence,
  • Artificial Intelligence Literacy,
  • Student Teacher,
  • Artificial Intelligence Literacy Curriculum,
  • Farhangian University
PDF

References

  1. Arasteh, H. R., & Khabazeh, K. (2023). The role of artificial intelligence and transformation in higher education. Nesha-e Elm, 14(1), 2-8.
  2. Attride-Stirling, J. (2001). Thematic networks: An analytic tool for qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 1(3), 385–405. https://doi.org/10.1177/146879410100100307
  3. Babaee, M., & Salehi, P. (2025). Challenges of using artificial intelligence in the knowledge acquisition process of students at Farhangian University of Kurdistan Province and their solutions. Journal of Knowledge Retrieval and Semantic Systems, https://doi.org/10.22054/jks.2025.87960.1738
  4. Bhat, R. A., Reshi, R. A., Qurashi, G. U. D., & Lone, M. A. (2025). Digitization and use of artificial intelligence in teacher education: A qualitative study. International Journal of Applied Research, 11(2), 126–128. https://doi.org/10.22271/allresearch.2025.v11.i2b.12350
  5. Burton, E., Goldsmith, J., Koenig, S., Kuipers, B., Mattei, N., & Walsh, T. (2017). Ethical considerations in artificial intelligence courses. AI Magazine, 38(2), 22–34. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v38i2.2731
  6. Chaudhry, A., Lee, J., & Kim, H. (2024). AI literacy in teacher education: A scoping review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 131, 104165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104165
  7. Chiu, T., Ahmad, Z., Ismailov, M. K., & Sanusi, I. T. (2024). What are artificial intelligence literacy and competency? A comprehensive framework to support them. Computers and Education Open. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100171
  8. Commission, E. (2022). Ethical guidelines on the use of artificial intelligence and data in teaching and learning for educators. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2766/127030
  9. Daher, R. (2025). Integrating AI literacy into teacher education: A critical perspective paper. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 5, 217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00475-7 (Springer)
  10. Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2020). Effective teacher professional development. Learning Policy Institute. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/effective-teacher-professional-development-report
  11. Dimitriadou, E., & Lanitis, A. (2023). A critical evaluation, challenges, and future perspectives of using artificial intelligence and emerging technologies in smart classrooms. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), Article 12. DOI: 10.1186/s40561-023-00231-3
  12. Farhadi, M., & Ghasemi, R. (2023).Designing AI-integrated curriculum in Iranian teacher colleges: A qualitative exploration. Iranian Journal of Curriculum Studies, 18(3), 89–106.
  13. Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(23), 8410–8415. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319030111
  14. Freire, P. (2018). Pedagogy of the oppressed (50th anniversary ed.). Bloomsbury Academic.
  15. Fullan, M. (2015). The New Meaning of Educational Change (5th ed.). Teachers College Press. ISBN-13: 978-0807756805
  16. Gamlem, S. M., Mcgrane, J., Brandmo, C., Moltudal, S., Sun, S. Z., & Hopfenbeck, T. N. (2025). Exploring pre-service teachers’ attitudes and experiences with generative AI: a mixed methods study in Norwegian teacher education. Educational Psychology, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2025.2528663
  17. Giordano, M. E. (2024). Teacher perceptions of artificial intelligence in the classroom: A basic qualitative study (Doctoral dissertation). American College of Education. https://scholarworks.ace.edu/items/b35ff7c9-98a6-4b10-9082-8da24b855868
  18. Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign.
  19. Kamali, J., Alpat, M. F., & Bozkurt, A. (2024). AI ethics as a complex and multifaceted challenge: Decoding educators’ AI ethics alignment through the lens of activity theory. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21, Article 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239 024 00496 9
  20. Karaduman, C. (2025). Preparing teachers for the application of AI-powered technologies in foreign language education. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251379712
  21. Karakuş, N., Gedik, K., & Kazazoğlu, S. (2025). Ethical decision making in education: A comparative study of teachers and artificial intelligence in ethical dilemmas. Behavioral Sciences, 15(4), 469. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15040469
  22. Karataş, F., & Yüce, E. (2025). AI and the future of teaching: Preservice teachers’ reflections on the use of artificial intelligence in open and distributed learning. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 25(3). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v25i3.7785
  23. Kellner, D., & Share, J. (2007). Critical media literacy. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 28(1), 3–21.
  24. Kirnaid, J. N., & Bhatti, N. (2024). Ethical considerations of AI in educational curriculum. Multidisciplinary Journal of Emerging Needs of Curriculum, 1(1), 30–38. https://www.researchcorridor.org/index.php/MJENC/article/view/14
  25. Korthagen, F. A. J. (2017). Inconvenient truths about teacher learning: Towards professional development 3.0. Teachers and Teaching, 23(4), 387–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2016.1211523
  26. Lee, J. C.-K., Dede, C., Wang, M., & Li, X. (2025). Building trust in AI through dialogues with Chinese ethics: Toward ethical partnerships in education. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 18, 833-841. (Accepted/Published online 2025)
  27. Leslie, D. (2019). Understanding artificial intelligence ethics and safety: A guide for the responsible design and implementation of AI systems in the public sector. The Alan Turing Institute. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3240529
  28. Long, D., & Magerko, B. (2020). What is AI literacy? Competencies and design considerations. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–16.
  29. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376727
  30. Luckin, R. (2018). Machine Learning and Human Intelligence: The Future of Education for the 21st Century. UCL Institute of Education Press. ISBN: 9781782772514
  31. Ma, S., & Chen, Z. (2022). The development and validation of the Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale for Chinese College Students (AILS-CCS). Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1006413. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1006413
  32. Mahmud, M. M., Monib, W. K., Qazi, A., Wong, S. F., Ramachandiran, C. R., & Azizan, S. N. (2025). Developing AI Education Competency Framework: A Systematic Literature Review. Open Praxis, 17(4), 730–748. https://doi.org/10.55982/openpraxis.17.4.1012
  33. McCormick, M., & Hwang, W. (2020). AI Literacy: A Framework to Understand, Evaluate, and Use Emerging Technology (Digital Promise Report). Digital Promise. Retrieved from. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED671235.pdf files.eric.ed.gov
  34. Meylani,R. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in the Education of Teachers: A Qualitative Synthesis of the Cutting Edge Research Literature. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 12(24), 600–637. https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.1477709
  35. Mills, K. A., Thompson, K., & Dobson, T. (2024). AI literacy in education: Conceptual foundations and pedagogical implications. Learning, Media and Technology, 49(1), 1–15.
  36. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2023.2254259
  37. Mishra, P., Warr, M., & Scragg, B. (2023). Rethinking TPACK in the age of artificial intelligence. Educational Technology Research and Development, 71(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-022-10185-7
  38. Mohd Zain, M., Nordin, M. N., Bahadin, S. A., Kadir, A. H. A., Ab Ghani, M. A., & Ab Ghani, M. S. (2024). Ethical considerations in using AI for curriculum development: A critical review. Nanotechnology Perceptions, 20(6), 4043–4051. https://doi.org/10.18434/ntp.3716
  39. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, Shekelle P, Stewart LA.
  40. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement.Systematic Reviews. 2015;4(1):1. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
  41. Nasirinejad, M. (2024). Developing a curriculum plan to enhance artificial intelligence literacy among students of educational sciences and teacher education [Unpublished master's thesis]. Malayer University, Faculty of Literature and Humanities.
  42. Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, K. W. S., & Qiao, M. S. (2021). AI literacy: Definition, teaching, evaluation and ethical issues. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 58(1), 504–509. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.487
  43. Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Su, J., Ng, R. C. W., & Chu, S. K. W. (۲۰۲۵). Navigating the landscape of AI literacy education: insights from a decade of research (۲۰۱۴–۲۰۲۴). *Humanities and Social Sciences Communications*, ۱۲(۱), ۱–۱۵.
  44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04583-8
  45. Ng, W., & Chu, S. K. W. (2021). AI literacy for all: A framework to support teaching and learning. Educational Technology & Society, 24(3), 1–15.
  46. Nguyen, T. & Le, H. (2022). Integrating AI into teacher education: Challenges and opportunities. Teaching and Teacher Education, 108, 103561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103561
  47. Nyaaba, M ,. Wright, A ., Lim Choi., G. (2024). Generative AI and digital neocolonialism in global education: Towards an equitable framework. Journal: arXiv e-prints, pages, arXiv:2406.02966. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2406.02966.
  48. Papert, S., & Harel, I. (2020). Constructionism. Ablex Publishing. (Original work published 1991)
  49. Park, W., & Kwon, H. (2023). Implementing artificial intelligence education for middle school technology education in Republic of Korea. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 34, 109–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-023-09812-2
  50. Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2021). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (4th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0134610993
  51. Saedi, N. (2024). Investigating and explaining the components of artificial intelligence literacy in formal education. Journal of Trends and Achievements in Learning Technology, 1(4), 131-147.
  52. Salhab, R. (2024). AI literacy across curriculum design: Investigating college instructors’ perspectives. Online Learning, 28(2), 22–47. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v28i2.4426
  53. Sapawi, M. S. M., & Nik Yusoff, N. M. R. (2025). Artificial intelligence in curriculum development: A global systematic review of trends, challenges, and strategic directions. Journal of Curriculum Studies Research, 7(2), Article 30. https://doi.org/10.46303/jcsr.2025.30
  54. Selwyn, N. (2019). Should Robots Replace Teachers? AI and the Future of Education. Polity Press. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. ISBN: 9781509528950 / 9781509528967.
  55. Southworth, J., Migliaccio, K., Glover, J., Glover, J. N., Reed, D., McCarty, C., Brendemuhl, J., & Thomas, A. (2023). Developing a model for AI Across the curriculum: Transforming the higher education landscape via innovation in AI literacy. Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, 100127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100127
  56. Sperling, K., Stenberg, C.-J., Wiklund-Hörnqvist, C., Jansson, A., & Mozelius, P. (2024). In search of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy in teacher education: A scoping review. Computers and Education Open, 6, 100169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100169
  57. Tadimalla, S. Y., & Maher, M. L. (2024). AI literacy for all: Adjustable interdisciplinary socio technical curriculum. In Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference. IEEE. https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.10552
  58. Tan, X., Cheng, G., & Ling, M. (2025). Artificial intelligence in teaching and teacher professional development: A systematic review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, 100355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100355
  59. Traga Philippakos, Z. A., & Rocconi, L. (2025). AI Literacy: Elementary and Secondary Teachers’ Use of AI-Tools, Reported Confidence, and Professional Development Needs. Education Sciences, 15(9), 1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15091186
  60. Tenberga, I., & Daniela, L. (2024). Artificial Intelligence Literacy Competencies for Teachers Through Self-Assessment Tools. Sustainability, 16(23), 10386. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310386
  61. Touretzky, D., Gardner-McCune, C., Martin, F., & Seehorn, D. (2019). Envisioning AI for K-12: What Should Every Child Know about AI? Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 33(01), 9795–9799. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019795
  62. UNESCO. (2021). AI and education: Guidance for policy-makers. UNESCO Publishing.
  63. UNESCO. (2023). Guidance on generative AI in education and research. UNESCO Publishing.
  64. UNESCO. (2024). AI competency framework for teachers. UNESCO Publishing. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137
  65. UNESCO. (2024). Towards an AI-Literate Future: A Systematic Literature Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-025-00466-w
  66. Yim, I. H. Y., & Wegerif, R. (2024). Teachers’ perceptions, attitudes, and acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) educational learning tools: An exploratory study on AI literacy for young students. Future in Educational Research, 2(4), 318–345.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fer3.65
  67. Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – Where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
  68. Zhang, C., Schießl, J., Plößl, L., & Hofmann, F. (2023). Acceptance of artificial intelligence among pre service teachers: A multigroup analysis. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20, Article 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00420-7