10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.08

Effect of Putrescine on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics, Cationic Ion Uptake, Root Crop production of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) under Water Stress Condition

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  • Mehdi Abbaszadeh1,
  • Reza Sadrabadi Haghighi*1,
  • Ali Bagherzadeh1,
  • Amir Salari2,
  • Seyed Mostafa Hoseini Mazinani3,
  1. Department of Agricultural Science, Ma.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
  2. Department of Science and Water Engineering, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Iran
  3. Department of Agriculture, YI.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2025-03-21

Revised: 2025-04-23

Accepted: 2025-05-24

Published in Issue 2025-06-30

Copyright (c) 2026 Mehdi Abbaszadeh, Reza Sadrabadi Haghighi, Ali Bagherzadeh (Author); Amir Salari (Translator); Seyed Mostafa Hoseini Mazinani (Author)

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Abbaszadeh, M., Sadrabadi Haghighi, R., Bagherzadeh, A., & Hoseini Mazinani, S. M. (2025). Effect of Putrescine on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics, Cationic Ion Uptake, Root Crop production of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) under Water Stress Condition. Journal of Crop Nutrition Science, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.08
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Abstract

Background: Exogenous application of growth regulators like putrescine is considered an effective strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of environmental stresses and enhance Crop production.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of putrescine foliar application on yield, uptake of certain cationic ions, and morpho-physiological traits of Sugar beet.

Methods: The experiment was conducted in spring 2020 and 2021 at the Dasht-e Gol agricultural complex in Torbat-e Heydarieh, Iran, under a semi-arid climate. This study employed a split-plot design arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Irrigation treatments were applied at three levels in the main plots: full irrigation meeting 100% of sugar beet water requirements (I1), moderate water deficit at 75% (I2), and severe water deficit at 50% (I3). Subplots consisted of three levels of foliar application: putrescine at concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 1 mM.

Results: The results showed that drought stress significantly affected all studied traits, and putrescine application effectively alleviated the negative effects of water stress. Among the treatments, full irrigation combined with 1 mM putrescine foliar application yielded the most favourable results, improving all tested traits compared to the control. However, under mild stress (I2) with putrescine application, morpho-physiological traits showed significant improvement, with white sugar yield increasing notably and showing no significant difference from full irrigation conditions. The use of 1 mM putrescine is recommended to enhance sugar beet response to water stress. In both stress treatments (75% and 50% water requirements), exogenous putrescine significantly reduced the negative impacts of stress on most tested traits. Putrescine treatments significantly (P<0.01) increased leaf Mg and Zn contents across all irrigation levels.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that exogenous putrescine application can enhance the quantitative and qualitative yield of sugar beet under water stress conditions, aligning with improvements in morpho-physiological traits, increased cationic ion uptake, and induction of crop defence responses. These findings, along with further research, highlight the practical value of polyamines, particularly putrescine, as an agricultural tool for managing drought stress in sugar beet production. Therefore, based on the final results, foliar application of 1 mM putrescine under moderate water deficit (75% water requirement) is recommended as an effective and advised method to significantly improve root yield, white sugar yield, and overall drought tolerance in sugar beet cultivation under arid and semi-arid conditions.

Keywords

  • Drought stress, Leaf greenness index, Nutrient uptake, Proline, Relative leaf water content.
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