10.57647/ijic.2026.1701.02

A Super-Adsorbent Bis-Sulfonated Polyamide for Efficient Cobalt and Chromium Removal

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  • Marzieh Iravani1,
  • Maryam Tayebani*1,
  1. Department of Chemistry, Shah.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran

Received: 2026-01-03

Accepted: 2026-03-08

Published in Issue 2026-03-31

Copyright (c) 2026 Marzieh Iravani, Maryam Tayebani (Author)

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Iravani, M., & Tayebani, M. (2026). A Super-Adsorbent Bis-Sulfonated Polyamide for Efficient Cobalt and Chromium Removal. International Journal of Industrial Chemistry, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.57647/ijic.2026.1701.02
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Abstract

Two aromatic polyamides containing sulfone and teraphthalaldehyde moieties were synthesized via the polycondensation reaction of bis-sulfonamide imine and bis-diaminodiphenylsulfone imine monomers with a diacyl chloride. The chemical structures and physicochemical properties of the synthesized polymers were comprehensively characterized by CHN analysis, 1HNMR, FT-IR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption performance of the prepared polyamides toward Co²⁺ and Cr³⁺ ions in aqueous media was systematically investigated. The influence of key operational parameters, including pH, temperature, initial metal-ion concentration, and contact time, was evaluated to optimize adsorption efficiency. Under optimal conditions, the polymers exhibited remarkable removal efficiencies of 95.2% for Co²⁺ and 99% for Cr³⁺. Metal ion concentrations before and after adsorption were quantified using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, whereas adsorption kinetics were interpreted using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models to elucidate the mechanism governing metal-ion uptake.

Keywords

  • Polyamide,
  • Adsorbent,
  • Removal,
  • Cobalt,
  • Chromium,
  • Heavy
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