10.57647/j.ijic.2025.1603.08

A New Spectrophotometric Determination of a Pyrethroid Insecticide by Diazotization-Coupling Reaction

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  • Fatimah H. Flayyih*1,
  • Abbas N. Alshirifi1,
  • Khudheyer J. Kadem1,
  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Hilla- 51002, Iraq

Received: 2025-06-01

Revised: 2025-08-30

Accepted: 2025-09-15

Published in Issue 2025-09-30

Copyright (c) 2025 Fatimah H. Flayyih, Abbas N. Alshirifi, Khudheyer J. Kadem (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Flayyih, F. H., Alshirifi, A. N., & Kadem, K. J. (2025). A New Spectrophotometric Determination of a Pyrethroid Insecticide by Diazotization-Coupling Reaction. International Journal of Industrial Chemistry, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.57647/j.ijic.2025.1603.08
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Abstract

A novel and sensitive spectrophotometric technique for identifying alpha-cypermethrin insecticide when coupled with 5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid in an alkaline medium with a pH of about 9–10 was investigated to enhance its analytical detectability to produce yellow-red azo dye. The reaction product was characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (FTIR), ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR. Acetone and Triton X-100 are used as solvents to increase the solubility and the sensitivity of the procedure. At 25°C, the colored product remained stable for nearly two days. The maximum absorbance was observed at λmax 408 nm. The range of (1-100) µg.mL⁻¹ is where the Beer-Lambert law is followed. The developed method was analytically validated. The limit of detection was found to be (0.130) µg.mL⁻¹, and the limit of quantification was (0.433) µg.mL⁻¹, indicating high sensitivity. The process is efficient for large-scale synthesis, has strong functional-group tolerance, and has gentle reaction conditions, suggesting a promising approach for selective and sensitive analytical monitoring in environmental and agricultural samples.

Keywords

  • Alpha-cypermethrin,
  • Coupling reaction,
  • UV spectroscopy
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