10.57647/j.ijic.2025.1602.11

Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue: Synergistic Effects of Cobalt Sulfide-Silver Nanocomposites Under Visible Light Irradiation

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  • Zahra Alinezhad1,
  • Reza Fazaeli*1,
  • Hamidreza Moghadamzadeh1,
  • Mehdi Ardjmand1,
  • Nahid Raoufi1,
  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2024-12-07

Revised: 2025-03-11

Accepted: 2025-03-24

Published in Issue 2025-06-30

Copyright (c) 2025 Zahra Alinezhad, Reza Fazaeli, Hamidreza Moghadamzadeh, Mehdi Ardjmand, Nahid Raoufi (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Alinezhad, Z., Fazaeli, R., Moghadamzadeh, H., Ardjmand, M., & Raoufi, N. (2025). Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue: Synergistic Effects of Cobalt Sulfide-Silver Nanocomposites Under Visible Light Irradiation. International Journal of Industrial Chemistry, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.57647/j.ijic.2025.1602.11
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Abstract

In the present study, the investigation into the photodegradation of methylene blue dye was conducted utilizing synthesized cobalt  sulfide (CoS), silver nanoparticles, and a silver-cobalt sulfide (Ag/CoS) composite, all subjected to visible light irradiation. The morphological characteristics were examined through XRD, SEM, and Mott-Schottky analyses. XRD analysis revealed a hexagonal structure for cobalt sulfide, while the composite displayed rectangular and polygonal forms. Mott-Schottky analysis showed that the presence of a p-n heterojunction, with the semiconductor flat band potentials measured at -1.2 V for the n-type and 1.5 V for the p
type. The composite's bandgap was identified as 2.4 eV through DRS analysis. Various factors, including temperature, pH, and the percentage of silver doping, significantly influenced the degradation rate. While both Cobalt Sulfide and Ag alone could degrade  methylene blue, the silver-cobalt sulfide composite demonstrated superior performance, achieving a 92% degradation rate. The Sips and Khan models demonstrated the superior alignment with the degradation data, exhibiting the most elevated correlation coefficients and the minimal error functions (0.008, 0.057) and (0.01, 0.078), respectively. 

Keywords

  • Methylene blue,
  • Photocatalyst,
  • Silver nanoprticles,
  • Mott–Schottky,
  • p-n Heterojunction,
  • Cobalt sulfide
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