10.1007/s40095-016-0212-6

The development of fly ash-supported CaO derived from mollusk shell of Anadara granosa and Paphia undulata as heterogeneous CaO catalyst in biodiesel synthesis

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  • H. Hadiyanto*1,
  • Sri Puji Lestari1,
  • A. Abdullah1,
  • W. Widayat1,
  • Heri Sutanto2,
  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, ID
  2. Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, ID Physic Department, Diponegoro University, Semarang, ID
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Published in Issue 2016-06-27

How to Cite

Hadiyanto, H., Lestari, S. P., Abdullah, A., Widayat, W., & Sutanto, H. (2016). The development of fly ash-supported CaO derived from mollusk shell of Anadara granosa and Paphia undulata as heterogeneous CaO catalyst in biodiesel synthesis. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 7(3 (September 2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-016-0212-6
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Abstract

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop fly ash-supported CaO catalyst derived from waste mollusk shell of Anadara granosa and Paphia undulata for transesterification of palm oil to yield biodiesel. The active precursor Ca(OH) 2 of the catalyst has been developed from calcination of waste mollusk shell, while the mesoporous has been prepared using the wet impregnation method. The results demonstrated that the mollusk shell-derived catalyst could gain the yield of biodiesel of 92 and 94 % for A. granosa shell and P. undulata shell, respectively. The obtained yield was comparable with the yield of biodiesel gained from CaO catalyst derived from reagent grade CaCO 3 (yield = 94 %). The optimum condition was achieved at catalyst loading of 6 %, reaction temperature of 60 °C and reaction time of 2 h. The reusability study showed that the developed catalysts exhibited higher recycle degree characteristic indicated by 50 % yield reduction after three reuse cycles.

Keywords

  • Biodiesel,
  • Palm oil,
  • Heterogeneous catalyst,
  • Mollusk shells,
  • Fly ash
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